Biochemical and histopathological studies of hepatic effect of mixture of cadmium, chromium and lead in albino rats

Abstract: The joint effect of cadmium, chromium and lead on the liver of albino rats exposed to them simultaneously was investigated in this study. Seventy (70) male albino rats (Wistar rats) were used in the study. Specified doses of 5, 10, and 20mg/kg body weight respectively, of these metals were administered by gavage thrice weekly to 60 albino rats and 10 albino rats were used as control. There were four treatment groups Cd, Cr, Pb and Cd+Cr+Pb (i.e. Cd alone, Cr alone, Pb alone and Cd, Cr, Pb combined) per dose with five animals per treatment group. Body weights (BW) of the rats were measured weekly before treatment. The treatments were for 90 days, and salt solutions of the metals (i.e. CdSO₄, K₂Cr₂O₇, and Pb(NO₃)₂) were used while the control received only distilled water. The animals were sacrificed after 90 days and blood samples were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total bilirubin. Histopathological evaluation of liver was also done. Results of combined treatment showed hormetic response with regard to ALT, AST and total bilirubin as they were elevated in the low dose but decreased with high dose. This phenomenon was also observed in Cr individual treatment.  The results also showed that LDH activity in the combined treatment group increased with increasing dose but was not significantly different from that of the most hazardous metal in the individual treatments. Histopathological evaluation showed tissue injury in liver in the 20mg/kg combined and individual treatment groups only.  Conclusively, the results suggested that there was no significant health risk posed to the liver by simultaneous exposure to the metals beyond the risk already posed by the most hazardous individual metal for the endpoint of interest. Interactions where they occurred were predominantly less-than-additive.

Keywords: Liver, cadmium, chromium, lead, combined, treatment, hormetic, histopathological, interaction.

Title: Biochemical and histopathological studies of hepatic effect of mixture of cadmium, chromium and lead in albino rats

Author: KENNEDY OSOH, ALOYSIUS C. ENE, CHINWE S. ALISI, LINUS A. NWAOGU, CHRISTIAN O. NWEKE

International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS)

ISSN 2350-1049

Vol. 10, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023

Page No: 24-31

Paper Publications

Website: www.paperpublications.org

Published Date: 23-May-2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961629

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https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Biochemical%20and%20histopathological-23052023-3.pdf