ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

The fundamental function of vitamin D is to keep the balance of calcium and phosphorus, which protects the health of bones. According to recent research, vitamin D may also play a function in several non-skeletal conditions, including endocrine diseases like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, adrenal disorders, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Inadequate vitamin D levels are linked to thyroid conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Similarly, it was found that patients with newly diagnosed Graves disease had lower concentrations of  25-hydroxyvitamin D. Thyroid cancer has been linked to faulty vitamin D signalling, according to research. Studies on vitamin D supplementation in thyroid disease patients are carried out. Randomized controlled trials are required to shed light on the effectiveness and safety of vitamin D as a therapeutic tool for this dysfunction, even if observational studies suggest a positive role for it in the therapy of thyroid disease.

Aim of the study:

This review will describe the effects of vitamin D supplementation and concentrate on the role of vitamin D in thyroid diseases such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Methodology:

The literature review is comprehensive research on the role of vitamin D in thyroid disease management. PUBMED is the search engine that was the mainly database used for the search process, and articles were collected from 1990 to 2022. The term used in the search were: Vitamin D, thyroid disorder, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism.

Conclusion:

Although several findings support the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases and the strong association in the treatment plan, there is a lack of evidence, and a dearth of intervention studies and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency may be associated with increased risk of thyroid disease. Therefore, no guidelines or recommendations are currently available for or against recommending vitamin D by the Endocrine Society.

Keywords: Vitamin D, thyroid disorder, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, etc.