The Quantum Entanglement Theory and the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics

Albert Einstein was one of the key architects of the Quantum Mechanics theory. His Theory of
Relativity was a deterministic one. In 1927, Werner Heisenberg proposed his
Uncertainty Principle, a key piece of quantum theory, which was indeterministic. With this,
indeterminism was introduced to the scientific world. Einstein protested Heisenberg’s
Uncertainty Principle, and in 1935, to defend determinism, Einstein published a thought
experiment: the famous EPR (Einstein Podolsky Rosen) theory along with Nathan Rosen and
Boris Podolsky. In 1964, John Stuart Bell intensively reviewed the EPR theory. To verify the
correctness of EPR theory, he proposed another thought experiment which would need a
mechanical set up. In 1967, Carl Kocher first performed a mechanical experiment to verify Bell's
theory. Subsequently, John Clauser and Alain Aspect made several modifications of Carl
Kocher's experiment and did not find any hidden variables, which substantiated Bell’s theory. In
1993, C.H. Bennett and his team proposed the theoretical Quantum Teleportation concept.
Indeed, in 1997, through experiment, Popescu and his team, and Zeilinger and his team
independently proved that quantum teleportation is possible. In 2022, for their contribution to
quantum mechanics, John Clauser, Alain Aspect, and Anton Zeilinger were ararded the Nobel
Prize in physics.