ЗВУКИ СОЛОДКОЇ СВОБОДИ (ВІДЛУННЯ «ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛУ» В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ МЕЖІ ХІХ-ХХ СТОЛІТЬ)

The investigation focuses on “International” conceptual lines in the estimation of the European writers of the end of the XX-th the beginning of the XX-th century. The analysis of the explicit and implicit meaning of the Communists hymn over which many writers of the time thought over proves their ambiguous attitude towards the revolutionary and radical way to achieving freedom and happiness. Being witnesses of the end of the heroic Revolutionary epoch and carrying the decadence worldview, they expressed their great doubt as to both the “bloody battles” for everlasting freedom (even by “ruining everything to the end”) and to the slow reforming of the social structure. That ambiguous and doubtful position is found in the works of E. Zola, A. France, B. Shaw and O. Wilde who sometimes in ironic, parody form expressed their position simultaneously believing in and hesitating about the possibility for the mankind to achieve freedom and social justice.