EVALUATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, whether on dialysis or on moderate therapy. The functioning of the heart and the kidneys is tightly interlinked together. This results in the primary disorder of one of these organs causing the secondary dysfunction of another. A better understanding of cardiovascular risk factors, clinical findings and cardiac findings are main keys to develop strategies to reduce CV morbidity and mortality among CKD patients. This study discusses some aspects of CKD, CVDs, their pathophysiology and corelation of various biochemical parameters involved in both CKD and CVDs.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of different Cardiovascular complications occurring in Chronic Kidney Disease patients.

Materials and Methods: The study is a prospective observational study conducted in Chronic Kidney Disease patients having secondary cardiovascular complications. The enrolment was carried out between August 2021 and January 2022. Altogether 150 Indian patients diagnosed to have Chronic Kidney Disease were enrolled and are included in the study.

Results: The prevalence of heart failure (71.3%) was the highest, followed by CAD (65.3%) and ACS (48.7%). The prevalence of other CVDs such as, Valvular heart disease (n=68), Cardiomyopathy (n=65), TIA (n=42), CVA (n=30), Ventricular Arrhythmia (n=26), Atrial Fibrillation (n=24), PAD (n=14), Sudden Cardiac Arrest (n=8), were reported to be 45.3%, 43.3%, 28.0%, 20.0%, 17.3%, 16.0%, 9.3% and 5.3%, respectively. CRHD (n=6) was the least prevalent CVD (4.0%) among all the patients.

Conclusion: This study concludes that Chronic Kidney Disease is a significant risk factor for development of Cardiovascular Diseases. CV related co-morbidities in CKD have a significant role in development of CVDs in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. The incidence and prevalence of CVDs in Chronic Kidney Disease is high. The severity of Chronic Kidney Disease is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidaemia, Cardiac Biomarkers, Heart failure, Cardio-renal syndrome, Angina, Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmia, Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, End Stage Renal Disease, Haemodialysis, Serum Creatinine.