Bio-optical observations of the Baltic Sea and coastal areas, 2008-2012
Authors/Creators
- 1. Finnish Environment Institute, Plymouth Marine Laboratory
- 2. Finnish Environment Institute
Description
This a dataset of optical-biogeochemical measurement results was collected during 2008-2012 as part of spring and summer cruises with R/V Aranda as well as from flow-through water samples taken with the Ferrybox system on M/S Finnmaid. The majority of observations were made in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Proper, Archipelago Sea, and Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea. A number of riverine and inshore observations are also included. The data collection is owned by the Finnish Environment Institute SYKE and made available under a CC-BY-NC licence.
Detail on methods and protocols are provided in the following papers
- Simis, Stefan GH; Ylöstalo, Pasi; Kallio, Kari Y; Spilling, Kristian; Kutser, Tiitt. 2017. Contrasting seasonality in optical-biogeochemical properties of the Baltic Sea. PLoS One 12(4), e0173357. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173357
- Ylöstalo, Pasi; Seppälä, Jukka; Kaitala, Seppo; Maunula, Petri; Simis, Stefan. 2016. Loadings of dissolved organic matter and nutrients from the Neva River into the Gulf of Finland–Biogeochemical composition and spatial distribution within the salinity gradient. Marine Chemistry 186, 58-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2016.07.004
A large number of individuals took part in these bio-optical research cruises over the years. The authors of this dataset are particularly grateful to the contributions by international visitors, students and volunteers taking part in one or more cruises, as well as crew and support staff operating the research vessel and ship-of-opportunity.
Variables included in the dataset include:
| Column name | unit/format | Description |
| Secchi | m | Secchi disk depth |
| AirTemp(38) | °C, 01H | Air temperature from ship weather channel 38, 1-h average |
| SeaTemp(42) | °C, 01H | Sea temperature from ship weather channel 42, 1-h average |
| WindSpeed(92) | m/s, 10M | Wind speed from ship weather channel 92, 10-min average |
| WindDir(96) | °, 10M | Wind direction from ship weather channel 96, 10-min average |
| Salinity(104) | PSU, 01H | Salinity from ship weather channel 104, 1-h average |
| Rel.humid(54) | %, 01H | Relative humidity from ship weather channel 54, 1-h average |
| Chla | mg/m3 | Chlorophyll-a concentration (cold ethanol extraction and calibrated fluorescence) |
| TSM_avg | mg/L | Total Suspended Matter Dry Weight, Average |
| OSM_avg | mg/L | Dry weight of Organic fraction of TSM, Average |
| ISM_avg | mg/L | Dry weight of Inorganic fraction of TSM, Average |
| DOC_avg | µM | Dissolved Organic Carbon concentration, Average |
| TDN_avg | µM | Total Dissolved Nitrogen concentration, Average |
| NH4 | µM | Ammonium concentration |
| NO32 | µM | Nitrate-Nitrate concentration |
| NO2 | µM | Nitrite concentration |
| PO4 | µM | Phosphate concentration |
| SiO4 | µM | Silicate concentration |
| TN | µM | Total nitrogen concentration |
| TP | µM | Total phosphorous concentration |
| pH | pH | pH value |
| Temp_CTD | °C | Water temperature measured by Seabird CTD on sampling rosette |
| Salinity_CTD | SSU | Salinity measured by Seabird CTD on sampling rosette |
| POC | µM | Particulate Organic Carbon concentration, Average |
| PON | µM | Particulate Organic Nitrogen concentration, Average |
| POP | µM | Particulate Organic Phosphorus concentration, Average (30.973762 g/Mol) |
| Turbidity | PSU | Turbidity |
| aCDOM | m^-1 | spectral absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter |
| CloudCover | 0-1 | Fraction (0-1) of cloud cover assesed from photos taken in the field. |
| Kd | m^-1 | spectral Vertical diffuse downwelling irradiance coefficient |
| a_nap | m^-1 | spectral absorption coefficient by non-pigmented fraction of suspended matter |
| a_tsm | m^-1 | spectral absorption coefficient by suspened matter |
| R0 | - | spectral Subsurface Irradiance Reflectance |
| pigments | mg/m3 | Chlorophyll and other pigments extracted and quantified using a combination of calibrated fluorometry and HPLC |
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