Synthesis, characterization, antitumor potential, and investigation of mechanism of action of copper(ii) complexes with acylpyruvates as ligands: interactions with biomolecules and kinetic study

Considering the urgency of finding a cure for vicious diseases such as tumors, we have synthesized and characterized a small series of new copper(II) complexes with biologically important ligands such as acylpyruvate. In addition to this, we used another four copper(II) complexes, with ligands of the same type to examine the antitumor potential. The antitumor potential of the copper(II) complexes was examined on three tumor cell lines and one normal human cell line using the MTT assay. All seven tested complexes showed very good cytotoxic effects. Two copper complexes that showed the best antitumor potential were selected for further testing that showed the best potential for potential application in the future. The mechanism of activity of these complexes was examined in detail using tests such as cell cycle, ROS level, oxidative DNA damage, and proteins related to hypoxia analysis. In addition, we examined the binding abilities of these complexes with biomolecules (Guo, Ino, 5′ -GMP, BSA, and DNA). The results showed that the tested compounds bind strongly to DNA molecules through intercalation. Also, it has been shown that the tested compounds adequately bind to the BSA molecule, which indicates an even greater potential for some future application of these compounds in clinical practice.