FIG. 4.—Courtship in Desmognathus organi. (a) During bite and seize (bas) the male (foreground) holds the female̕s tail base in his jaws. The female holds her chin on the male̕s tail base in an apparent attempt to elicit tail-straddling walk. (b) During spermatophore deposition (SD), the male (right) aligns his hind limbs perpendicular to his body (align). Position of spermatophore indicated with ^. The female holds her chin over his undulating tail base in TSW position. (c) The male has moved forward after SD and has helped positioned the female over the spermatophore. The female has now departed from the spermatophore (base visible above the ^), while the male continues to arch his tail and extend on his hind limbs (extend).