"Not allowing for destructive ways": the Jewish movement and the reproduction of intolerance

Based on ego documents (personal and open letters, memoirs), samizdat materials and oral history, the article examines the options for the attitude of activists of the Jewish movement in the late USSR to "their strangers", their dissenters, minorities in number or status: (Judeo-)Christians and so-called Noshrim who left on an Israeli visa emigrants to the United States and other Western countries, as well as to the "silent" majority who do not want to emigrate, and to some other groups. Strategies of their marginalization and transformation into internal enemies are described, possible patterns and causes of this intolerance are discussed in the context of Jewish history, Soviet collectivist ethics and the sociology of envy. The relevance of the research is determined by the involvement of sources not previously introduced into scientific circulation, and the choice of the topic itself, partly painful for the participants of the events, correcting the canonical image of the movement and therefore often hushed up in the commemorative and scientific literature devoted to it. The analysis indicates that in this case (and, at least, in a number of others) victim experience does not foster tolerance towards others, victims of intolerance readily develop their own intolerance, often borrowing the practices and rhetoric of their persecutors, and the community that constructs or revives a particular identity or tradition tends to build boundaries. and cut off "their" dissenters.