Proton and Neutron Electrical Charges

« The pressure for compliance is enormous. I have experienced this in the rejection by editors of articles submitted, based on venomous criticism from anonymous referees. The replacement of impartial reviewing by censorship will be the death of science ».Julian Schwinger, Nobel prize in physics (1965).

The electric charges of the proton and the neutron, constituents of atoms nuclei, are explained in quantum mechanics in the so called “standard model” and this explanation is rather strange, with a combination of “quarks” having charges which are not an integer, and can change from one to another during radioactive transformation. 

It is a fact that quarks are deduced from experimental data, like scattering of a proton by high energy electrons, but they can’t be observed as a free object: "Basically, you can't see an isolated quark because the color force does not let them go, and the energy required to separate them produces quark-antiquark pairs long before they are far enough apart to observe separately”!

In this paper, we will construct a model for the electric charges of proton and neutron with the presence of “electron-positron pair” inside the components of an atom nuclei, neutron and proton. In modern physics, whereas the existence of “electron-positron pair” is known since the sixties, still few scientists have explored the potential of such an existence. There were however attempts to explain some situations in quantum mechanics, and to describe the vacuum (ether) as a sea of “electron-positron pairs”.

We will present and validate this model with all the disintegration phenomenon observed, and even the disintegration of a proton inside an atom, which is not totally explained in the “standard model”.