Jupiter's Interior from Juno: Equations of State Uncertainties and Dilute Core Extent
- 1. Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, France
- 2. Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35,69118 Heidelberg, Germany
- 3. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands
- 4. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- 5. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- 6. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- 7. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- 8. Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- 9. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- 10. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
Description
Supplemental materials of Howard et al. (2023, A&A).
Abstract
Context. The Juno mission has provided measurements of Jupiter’s gravity field with an outstanding level of accuracy, leading to better constraints on the interior of Jupiter. Improving our knowledge of the internal structure of Jupiter is key to understand the formation and the evolution of the planet but also in the framework of exoplanets exploration.
Aims. This paper investigates the differences between the state-of-the-art equations of state and their impact on the properties of interior models. Accounting for uncertainty on the hydrogen and helium equation of state, we assess the span of the interior features of Jupiter.
Methods. We carry out an extensive exploration of the parameter space and study a wide range of interior models using MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) simulations. To consider the uncertainty on the equation of state, we allow for modifications of the equation of state in our calculations.
Results. Our models harbour a dilute core and indicate that Jupiter’s internal entropy is higher than what is usually assumed from the Galileo probe measurements. We obtain solutions with extended dilute cores but contrary to other recent interior models of Jupiter, we also obtain models with small dilute cores. The dilute cores in such solutions extend to ∼ 20% of Jupiter’s mass, leading to a better agreement with formation-evolution models.
Conclusions. We conclude that the used equations of state in Jupiter models have crucial effect on the inferred structure and composition. Further explorations of the behaviour of hydrogen-helium mixtures at Jupiter’s conditions will help constrain its interior, and therefore its origin.