Literature Review from Different Approaches to CognitiveBehavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, or CBT for short, is a term used to describe a group of therapeutic approaches combined with the fundamental concept that mental illness and psychological suffering are sustained by cognitive variables. This therapeutic method, pioneered by Beck (1970) and Ellis (1962), is based on the basic idea that maladaptive cognitions lead to the persistence of emotional disturbance and behavioral disorders. According to the paradigm developed by Beck, these dissonant cognitions include broad ideas about the world, self, and future, also known as schemas. These schemas give rise to specific and automatic thinking in certain situations. According to the basic model, changes in the client's emotional distress and problematic behaviors are the direct result of therapy procedures aimed at changing maladaptive thought patterns. Since these early formulations, several disorder-specific CBT protocols have been set up. This disorder-specific CBT protocols specifically target different cognitive and behavioral care variables associated with various disorders. Although there are significant differences in some of the specific treatment procedures involved in the treatment protocols specific to this disorder, they all adhere to the same basic concept and take a similarly comprehensive approach to treatment. Reduction of symptoms, improvement of functioning and improvement of condition are overarching goals of therapy according to the model of medical psychiatry used to guide treatment. The patient must be an active participant in a collaborative problem-solving process to achieve this goal. This will allow the patient to evaluate and discuss the validity of maladaptive cognitions and change maladaptive behavioral patterns. Thus, contemporary cognitive behavioral therapy refers to a family of therapies that include a set of strategies that focus on one's emotions, behaviors, and thoughts (for example, Hofmann, 2011; Hofmann, Asmundson, & Beck, in press). Although these approaches place an emphasis on cognitive aspects, physiological, emotional, and behavioral aspects are also recognized for the role they play in the persistence of the disorder.