The Impact of Fossil fuels and Agricultural Wastes Used as Energy Mix on Cement Production: Using Particle Swarm Optimization model

Co-processing from industrial generated waste has been used in the Ordinary Portland cement production companies. In-depth examination of the effects of using conventional fuel (mineral coal, pet-coke, heavy oil, and natural gas) and agricultural waste is presented in this research, along with prospects for employing both for the optimization of cement production (sugar waste and ground nut shell). This mixture is meant to be used in a dry process rotary kiln for producing clinker. Particle Swarm Optimization was the optimization model employed (PSO). The results gotten from the (PSO) analyses help in calculating the substitution levels of the primary fuels with alternative fuel mixes derived from agricultural wastes ( husk, rice, ground nut shell and sugar wastes), with was considered to have lower pollutants level such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and sulphur etc. The end product's (cement) specific surface area changed from 0.35 cm²/g to 0.38 cm²/g, resulting in a modest increase in energy consumption, longer clinker grinding time, a decrease in production output, and a faster rate of wear part inside the mills and its auxiliaries.