Greining á skemmdarferlum við ferskfiskflutning / Comparison of transport and packaging methods for fresh fish products – storage life study

Markmið verkefnisins „Bestun ferskfiskflutninga“ var að bæta meðferð ferskra fiskafurða í gámaflutningi og auka þar með geymsluþol þeirra og möguleika á frekari flutningum á sjó frá Íslandi, en verulegur sparnaður felst í því miðað við flutning með flugi.

Þessi skýrsla fjallar um greiningu á þeim skemmdarferlum sem eiga sér stað við geymslu og flutninga á ferskum fiskafurðum. Gerður var samanburður á flutningi í frauðplastkössum og í ískrapa í keri við mismunandi hitastig. Bornar voru saman mismunandi útfærslur á báðum pökkunarlausnunum og voru matsþættir m.a. hitastig, heildarörverufjöldi, magn skemmdarörvera, vatnsheldni, magn reikulla basa og skynmatseiginleikar.

Almennt var frekar lítill munur á milli tilraunahópa á geymslutímanum. Munur kom fram milli hópa í einstaka skynmatsþáttum en sá munur var ekki sambærilegur milli daga og er því líklega til kominn vegna samspils milli misleits hráefnis og of fárra metinna sýna. Ferskleikatími allra hópa var sjö til átta sólarhringar og geymsluþol um 10 sólarhringar. Þær pökkunarlausnir sem rannsakaðar voru í tilrauninni sem og geymsluhitastig, höfðu lítil áhrif á skemmdarferla þorskafurðanna. Breytileikann mátti fyrst og fremst rekja til geymslutímans.

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The aim of the project “Optimisation of fresh fish transport” was to improve the handling of fresh fish products during sea freight and increase the shelf life and the possibility of further maritime transport from Iceland, involving significant savings relative to the air freight.

The present report covers analysis of the deterioration processes occurring during storage and transportation of fresh whitefish products. Comparison was done between transportation in expanded polystyrene boxes and in slurry ice in tubs at different ambient temperature. Different versions of both packaging solutions were compared with regard to temperature, total viable count, amount of spoilage bacteria, water holding capacity, total volatile nitrogen bases (TVB‐N) and sensory properties.

There were in general relatively small differences between experimental groups during the storage period. Some difference was observed between groups with regard to few sensory attributes, but the difference was not comparable between days which was likely due to heterogeneous material and too small sampling size. The freshness period of all experimental groups was seven to eight days and the shelf life around 10 days. The packaging solutions explored in the present study, as well as storage temperature, had generally little effect on the deterioration processes occurring in the fresh cod product. The observed variation was primarily attributed to the storage time.