Utilization of boar semen by alternative techniques of swine artificial insemination (a review )

Conventional artificial insemination (CAI) has been highly contributed in swine global industry development. However, new boar semen technologies have been presented, such as sex sorted, encapsulated and sperm mediated gene transfer spermatozoa. Moreover, the improvement of frozen-thawed boar semen fertilizing ability is a scientific topic under investigation. New technologies must be supported by alternative insemination procedures in order to be economically performed in pig industry. For these purposes, deep intrauterine insemination (DUI), as well as, intra-oviductal insemination (IOI) by laparoscopy, has been applied and their efficiency has been studied. One of the main targets of the aforementioned techniques is to benefit the potential advantages of the high genetic value boars by using the minimal number of spermatozoa needed to achieve a high fertilization rate following artificial insemination. Although CAI is an indispensable method for the commercial pig farms, the application of alternative techniques is feasible to be performed in selected animals of high genetic value. This review discusses the suitability of the available insemination procedures for the efficient of biotechnological applications.