UltraButton: A Minimalist Touchless Multimodal Haptic Button

We present UltraButton a minimalist touchless button including haptic, audio and visual feedback costing only $ 200. While current mid-air haptic devices can be too bulky and expensive (around $ 2 k) to be integrated into simple mid-air interfaces such as point and select, we show how a clever arrangement of 83 ultrasound transducers and a new modulation algorithm can produce compelling mid-air haptic feedback and parametric audio at a minimal cost. To validate our prototype, we compared its haptic output to a commercially-available mid-air haptic device through force balance measurements and user perceived strength ratings and found no significant differences. With the addition of 20 RGB LEDs, a proximity sensor and other off-the-shelf electronics, we then propose a complete solution for a simple multimodal touchless button interface. We tested this interface in a second experiment that investigated user gestures and their dependence on system parameters such as the haptic and visual activation times and heights above the device. Finally, we discuss new interactions and application scenarios for UltraButtons.