Standard density of water at different temperatures

Standard density of water at different temperatures

Junjie Chen

Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China

Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com

 

Density is the substance's mass per unit of volume. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume. For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its mass concentration. Different materials usually have different densities, and density may be relevant to buoyancy, purity and packaging. Osmium and iridium are the densest known elements at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. To simplify comparisons of density across different systems of units, it is sometimes replaced by the dimensionless quantity "relative density" or "specific gravity", namely the ratio of the density of the material to that of a standard material, usually water. Thus, a relative density less than one relative to water means that the substance floats in water. The density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. This variation is typically small for solids and liquids but much greater for gases. Increasing the pressure on an object decreases the volume of the object and thus increases its density. Increasing the temperature of a substance decreases its density by increasing its volume. In most materials, heating the bottom of a fluid results in convection of the heat from the bottom to the top, due to the decrease in the density of the heated fluid, which causes it to rise relative to denser unheated material. The reciprocal of the density of a substance is occasionally called its specific volume, a term sometimes used in thermodynamics. Density is an intensive property in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density; rather it increases its mass.

Temperature (degrees Celsius), Density (grams per cubic centimeter)

0.1      0.9998495

0.2      0.9998560

0.3      0.9998624

0.4      0.9998685

0.5      0.9998745

0.6      0.9998803

0.7      0.9998859

0.8      0.9998913

0.9      0.9998966

1.0      0.9999017

1.1      0.9999066

1.2      0.9999113

1.3      0.9999158

1.4      0.9999202

1.5      0.9999244

1.6      0.9999285

1.7      0.9999323

1.8      0.9999360

1.9      0.9999396

2.0      0.9999429

2.1      0.9999461

2.2      0.9999491

2.3      0.9999519

2.4      0.9999546

2.5      0.9999571

2.6      0.9999595

2.7      0.9999616

2.8      0.9999636

2.9      0.9999655

3.0      0.9999672

3.1      0.9999687

3.2      0.9999700

3.3      0.9999712

3.4      0.9999722

3.5      0.9999731

3.6      0.9999738

3.7      0.9999743

3.8      0.9999747

3.9      0.9999749

4.0      0.9999749

4.1      0.9999748

4.2      0.9999746

4.3      0.9999742

4.4      0.9999736

4.5      0.9999728

4.6      0.9999719

4.7      0.9999709

4.8      0.9999697

4.9      0.9999683

5.0      0.9999668

5.1      0.9999651

5.2      0.9999633

5.3      0.9999613

5.4      0.9999592

5.5      0.9999569

5.6      0.9999544

5.7      0.9999518

5.8      0.9999491

5.9      0.9999462

6.0      0.9999431

6.1      0.9999400

6.2      0.9999366

6.3      0.9999331

6.4      0.9999295

6.5      0.9999257

6.6      0.9999217

6.7      0.9999176

6.8      0.9999134

6.9      0.9999090

7.0      0.9999045

7.1      0.9998998

7.2      0.9998950

7.3      0.9998900

7.4      0.9998849

7.5      0.9998797

7.6      0.9998743

7.7      0.9998687

7.8      0.9998631

7.9      0.9998572

8.0      0.9998513

8.1      0.9998452

8.2      0.9998389

8.3      0.9998325

8.4      0.9998260

8.5      0.9998193

8.6      0.9998125

8.7      0.9998056

8.8      0.9997985

8.9      0.9997912

9.0      0.9997839

9.1      0.9997764

9.2      0.9997687

9.3      0.9997610

9.4      0.9997530

9.5      0.9997450

9.6      0.9997368

9.7      0.9997285

9.8      0.9997200

9.9      0.9997114

10.0      0.9997027

10.1      0.9996938

10.2      0.9996848

10.3      0.9996757

10.4      0.9996665

10.5      0.9996571

10.6      0.9996475

10.7      0.9996379

10.8      0.9996281

10.9      0.9996182

11.0      0.9996081

11.1      0.9995979

11.2      0.9995876

11.3      0.9995772

11.4      0.9995666

11.5      0.9995559

11.6      0.9995451

11.7      0.9995341

11.8      0.9995230

11.9      0.9995118

12.0      0.9995005

12.1      0.9994890

12.2      0.9994774

12.3      0.9994657

12.4      0.9994539

12.5      0.9994419

12.6      0.9994298

12.7      0.9994176

12.8      0.9994052

12.9      0.9993927

13.0      0.9993801

13.1      0.9993674

13.2      0.9993546

13.3      0.9993416

13.4      0.9993285

13.5      0.9993153

13.6      0.9993020

13.7      0.9992885

13.8      0.9992749

13.9      0.9992612

14.0      0.9992474

14.1      0.9992335

14.2      0.9992194

14.3      0.9992052

14.4      0.9991909

14.5      0.9991765

14.6      0.9991619

14.7      0.9991473

14.8      0.9991325

14.9      0.9991176

15.0      0.9991026

15.1      0.9990874

15.2      0.9990722

15.3      0.9990568

15.4      0.9990413

15.5      0.9990257

15.6      0.9990100

15.7      0.9989942

15.8      0.9989782

15.9      0.9989621

16.0      0.9989459

16.1      0.9989296

16.2      0.9989132

16.3      0.9988967

16.4      0.9988800

16.5      0.9988633

16.6      0.9988464

16.7      0.9988294

16.8      0.9988123

16.9      0.9987951

17.0      0.9987778

17.1      0.9987603

17.2      0.9987428

17.3      0.9987251

17.4      0.9987073

17.5      0.9986895

17.6      0.9986715

17.7      0.9986534

17.8      0.9986351

17.9      0.9986168

18.0      0.9985984

18.1      0.9985798

18.2      0.9985611

18.3      0.9985424

18.4      0.9985235

18.5      0.9985045

18.6      0.9984854

18.7      0.9984662

18.8      0.9984469

18.9      0.9984275

19.0      0.9984079

19.1      0.9983883

19.2      0.9983686

19.3      0.9983487

19.4      0.9983287

19.5      0.9983087

19.6      0.9982885

19.7      0.9982682

19.8      0.9982478

19.9      0.9982273

20.0      0.9982067

20.1      0.9981860

20.2      0.9981652

20.3      0.9981443

20.4      0.9981233

20.5      0.9981022

20.6      0.9980810

20.7      0.9980596

20.8      0.9980382

20.9      0.9980167

21.0      0.9979950

21.1      0.9979733

21.2      0.9979514

21.3      0.9979295

21.4      0.9979074

21.5      0.9978853

21.6      0.9978630

21.7      0.9978407

21.8      0.9978182

21.9      0.9977956

22.0      0.9977730

22.1      0.9977502

22.2      0.9977273

22.3      0.9977044

22.4      0.9976813

22.5      0.9976582

22.6      0.9976349

22.7      0.9976115

22.8      0.9975881

22.9      0.9975645

23.0      0.9975408

23.1      0.9975171

23.2      0.9974932

23.3      0.9974692

23.4      0.9974452

23.5      0.9974210

23.6      0.9973968

23.7      0.9973724

23.8      0.9973480

23.9      0.9973234

24.0      0.9972988

24.1      0.9972740

24.2      0.9972492

24.3      0.9972243

24.4      0.9971992

24.5      0.9971741

24.6      0.9971489

24.7      0.9971236

24.8      0.9970981

24.9      0.9970726

25.0      0.9970470

25.1      0.9970213

25.2      0.9969955

25.3      0.9969696

25.4      0.9969436

25.5      0.9969176

25.6      0.9968914

25.7      0.9968651

25.8      0.9968387

25.9      0.9968123

26.0      0.9967857

26.1      0.9967591

26.2      0.9967324

26.3      0.9967055

26.4      0.9966786

26.5      0.9966516

26.6      0.9966245

26.7      0.9965973

26.8      0.9965700

26.9      0.9965426

27.0      0.9965151

27.1      0.9964875

27.2      0.9964599

27.3      0.9964321

27.4      0.9964043

27.5      0.9963763

27.6      0.9963483

27.7      0.9963202

27.8      0.9962920

27.9      0.9962637

28.0      0.9962353

28.1      0.9962068

28.2      0.9961783

28.3      0.9961496

28.4      0.9961208

28.5      0.9960920

28.6      0.9960631

28.7      0.9960341

28.8      0.9960050

28.9      0.9959758

29.0      0.9959465

29.1      0.9959171

29.2      0.9958876

29.3      0.9958581

29.4      0.9958285

29.5      0.9957987

29.6      0.9957689

29.7      0.9957390

29.8      0.9957090

29.9      0.9956790

30.0      0.9956488

30.1      0.9956185

30.2      0.9955882

30.3      0.9955578

30.4      0.9955273

30.5      0.9954967

30.6      0.9954660

30.7      0.9954352

30.8      0.9954044

30.9      0.9953734

31.0      0.9953424

31.1      0.9953113

31.2      0.9952801

31.3      0.9952488

31.4      0.9952175

31.5      0.9951860

31.6      0.9951545

31.7      0.9951228

31.8      0.9950911

31.9      0.9950593

32.0      0.9950275

32.1      0.9949955

32.2      0.9949635

32.3      0.9949313

32.4      0.9948991

32.5      0.9948668

32.6      0.9948344

32.7      0.9948020

32.8      0.9947694

32.9      0.9947368

33.0      0.9947041

33.1      0.9946713

33.2      0.9946384

33.3      0.9946055

33.4      0.9945724

33.5      0.9945393

33.6      0.9945061

33.7      0.9944728

33.8      0.9944394

33.9      0.9944060

34.0      0.9943724

34.1      0.9943388

34.2      0.9943051

34.3      0.9942713

34.4      0.9942375

34.5      0.9942035

34.6      0.9941695

34.7      0.9941354

34.8      0.9941012

34.9      0.9940669

35.0      0.9940326

35.1      0.9939982

35.2      0.9939637

35.3      0.9939291

35.4      0.9938944

35.5      0.9938597

35.6      0.9938248

35.7      0.9937899

35.8      0.9937549

35.9      0.9937199

36.0      0.9936847

36.1      0.9936495

36.2      0.9936142

36.3      0.9935788

36.4      0.9935434

36.5      0.9935078

36.6      0.9934722

36.7      0.9934365

36.8      0.9934007

36.9      0.9933649

37.0      0.9933290

37.1      0.9932929

37.2      0.9932569

37.3      0.9932207

37.4      0.9931844

37.5      0.9931481

37.6      0.9931117

37.7      0.9930753

37.8      0.9930387

37.9      0.9930021

38.0      0.9929654

38.1      0.9929286

38.2      0.9928917

38.3      0.9928548

38.4      0.9928178

38.5      0.9927807

38.6      0.9927435

38.7      0.9927063

38.8      0.9926689

38.9      0.9926316

39.0      0.9925941

39.1      0.9925565

39.2      0.9925189

39.3      0.9924812

39.4      0.9924434

39.5      0.9924056

39.6      0.9923677

39.7      0.9923297

39.8      0.9922916

39.9      0.9922534

40.0      0.9922152

41.0      0.99183

42.0      0.99144

43.0      0.99104

44.0      0.99063

45.0      0.99021

46.0      0.98979

47.0      0.98936

48.0      0.98893

49.0      0.98848

50.0      0.98804

51.0      0.98758

52.0      0.98712

53.0      0.98665

54.0      0.98617

55.0      0.98569

56.0      0.98521

57.0      0.98471

58.0      0.98421

59.0      0.98371

60.0      0.98320

61.0      0.98268

62.0      0.98216

63.0      0.98163

64.0      0.98109

65.0      0.98055

66.0      0.98000

67.0      0.97945

68.0      0.97890

69.0      0.97833

70.0      0.97776

71.0      0.97719

72.0      0.97661

73.0      0.97603

74.0      0.97544

75.0      0.97484

76.0      0.97424

77.0      0.97364

78.0      0.97303

79.0      0.97241

80.0      0.97179

81.0      0.97116

82.0      0.97053

83.0      0.96990

84.0      0.96926

85.0      0.96861

86.0      0.96796

87.0      0.96731

88.0      0.96664

89.0      0.96598

90.0      0.96531

91.0      0.96463

92.0      0.96396

93.0      0.96327

94.0      0.96258

95.0      0.96189

96.0      0.96119

97.0      0.96049

98.0      0.95978

99.0      0.95907

99.974      0.95837

Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: komcjj@gmail.com, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China