IN VITRO HIV-1 RT INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF MADHUCA INDICA INNER BARK EXTRACTS

ABSTRACT

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection continues to spread throughout the world despite a downward trend of HIV new infections. The study was undertaken to investigate the HIV-RT inhibitory activity of inner bark extracts of Madhuca indica. Sequential maceration method was performed for preparation of extracts using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol solvents. RetroSys HIV-1 RT (Innovagen, Sweden) kit was used to determine the HIV-RT inhibitory activity of all solvents extracts. All extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. Acetone, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts shows highest inhibition of recombinant HIV-RT (88.6%, 88.1% and 81.56% respectively) at 2 and mg/ml concentration. These results were remarkable and can be used to develop a new drug for HIV treatment or other infectious diseases caused by the pathogenic micro-organisms.

Key words: HIV-1, Reverse transcriptase, Madhuca indica, Inner bark.

REFERENCES

1. Adamson, C.S. Freed, E.O. 2010. Novel approaches to inhibiting HIV-1 replication. Antiviral Res. 85: 119–141.
2. Bannerman, R. 1993. Traditional Medicine and Healthcare. Geneva. WHO.
3. Cos, P. Maes, L. Vanden Berghe, D. Hermans, N. Pieters, L. and Vlietinck, A. 2004. Plant substances as anti-HIV agents selected according to their putative mechanism of action. J. Nat. Prod. 67: 284–293.
4. Cragg, G. and Newman, D. 2003. Plants as a source of anti-cancer and anti-HIV agents. Annals of applied biology. 143: 127-133.
5. De Clercq, E. 2000. Current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Med. Res.Rev. 20: 323–349.
6. Estari, M. Venkanna, L. Prasad, P. Rajendra Chary, V. Stheesh Kumar, P. and Rajendra Prasad, G. 2012. Studies on anti HIV activity of extracts from Eclipta alba (L). Diversity and Physiological Process. 101-109.
7. Gronowitz, J.S. Lennerstrand, J. Pettersson, A. Neumuller, M. Johansson, M. and Kallander, C.F.R. 1992.  Determination of IC50 values and mechanism of action of HIV1 RT, inhibitors, by the use of carrier bound template-primer, template, or primer, with 125I-UTP as substrate. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy. 3: 203-213.
8. Silver, L.L. and Bostian, K.A. 1993. Discovery and development of new antibiotics: the problem of antibiotic resistance.  Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.  37(3):  377-383.
9. Estari, M.  Prasad, P. Rajendra chary, V. Satheesh, P. Rajendra Prasad, G.  Venkanna, L. and Srinivas Reddy, A. 2011. In vitro study for HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory activity in extracts from Tinospora cordifolia. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences. 30(2): 49-53
10. Maes, P.C. (2004). Plant substances as anti-HIV agents selected according to their putative mechanism of action. Journal of Natural Products. 267: 284-293.
11. Rajendra Prasad, Gujjeti. and Estari, Mamidala. 2013. Phytochemical Analysis and TLC Profile of Madhuca indica Inner Bark Plant Extract. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 4(10):  1507-1510.       
12. Rajendra Prasad, Gujjeti. and Estari, Mamidala. 2012. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the tribes of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences. 1(2): 132-137.
13. Sainath, Namthabad. Estari, Mamidala. 2014. Molecular Docking of HIV-1 Protease using Alkaloids from Tinospora cordifolia. International Journal of Research and Applications 1(1):P12-16.
14. Swati Sharma. Rekha Vijayvergia. and Singh, T.2010. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of some medicinal plants   J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2(1): 121-124.
15. UNAIDS, 2013. Report on the global AIDS epidemic.
16. Vinatha, Naini. and Estari, Mamidala. 2013. An Ethnobotanical Study of Plants for the Treatment of Diabetes in the Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biolife. 1(1): 24-28.
17. Venkanna, Lunavath and Estari. 2012. Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase by Casia occidentalis (L) Plant Extract. International Journal of Scientific & Engineerining Research. 3(7): 1-4.
18. Vleitenick, A.J. De Bruyne, T. Apers, S. Pieters, L.A. 1998. Plant derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Planta Medica. 64: 97-109. WHO, 2002. Traditional medicine strategy launched