Laboratory study on vertical and horizontal resistance of the pile installed by various displacement pile installation methods

In the regions where earthquakes occur frequently, to properly design the pile foundation, both the vertical and
horizontal resistance of the pile should be considered. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of
pile installation methods on vertical and horizontal pile resistances. In a series of laboratory experiments, four types
of pile installation methods were used: monotonic push-in, surging (repetitive push-in and pull-out), vibratory pile
driving, and bored pile (non-displacement) methods. Additionally, two types of model piles with different flexural
rigidities were used. Moreover, vertical and horizontal load tests were conducted, successively, on the model piles.
Though the pile installed using the displacement pile methods showed higher vertical resistance than that of the pile
installed using the bored pile method, their horizontal resistance was found to be almost the same.