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Published September 21, 2022 | Version v1
Journal article Open

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOOD IN THE ASPECT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

Description

The blood is a biological trace, preserved at the crime scenes involving both humans
and animals. The modern interdisciplinary approach of forensics, based on the achievements in the field of medicine, biology, chemistry or physics, makes blood an extremely
informative material that allows not only to identify the donor of the material, but also, in
many cases, to reconstruct the course of the events.
The whole process of securing and analyzing the blood traces is complex and multistage. Management includes activities such as revealing potential bloodstains both by visual inspection and by nonspecific preliminary tests, e.g. using luminol or the Kastle-Mayer
test. The samples selected for further analysis are subjected to the specific confirmatory
tests, which allow for the group identification of the trace donor. The last stage is the individual identification based on the polymorphic microsatellite sequences and comparison of
profiles from samples secured at the scene with the reference material. Blood can also be
used as evidence in crimes involving animals, such as poaching, and crime against legally
protected species. In solving such cases, molecular methods are also used, consisting in sequencing of species-specific fragments of mitochondrial DNA, followed by bioinformatics
analysis, allowing the assignment of the tested material to a specific species.
There is no doubt that blood is an extremely important biological material, secured at the
sites of the most serious crimes against health and life. Recent decades have significantly
expanded the possibility of analyzing blood spots, not only improving the sensitivity of
material detection, but also significantly increasing the specificity and the informativeness
of analyses, which now allow for reliable individual and species identification of the trace
donors.
 

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