Prevalence of Types of Stroke and Associated Risk Factors in the Department of Neurology: A Retrospective Observational Study

AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of types of stroke and associated risk factors.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study conducted over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 277 patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analysed. Case records of patients from the MRD were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data, past medical and medication history, habits, clinical presentation, investigations, management, outcome from the year of 2017 to 2021 June. Data analysed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2010.

RESULT

The most prevalent type of stroke was found to be Ischemic stroke (IS). The highest prevalence of stroke was found in the age group above 70 years. Most contributable risk factors of stroke were found to be the patients with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Out of 277 patients, 223 patients had hypertension and 160 patients had hypertension either as a single risk factor or as a combination with other risk factors. Men were more prone to stroke with the risk factors of hypertension with diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSION

Adults aged ≥70 years had a high prevalence of stroke and a high-risk stroke population, with ischemic stroke being the most common form in our study. These results indicate that individual-level and population-level treatments for these major risk factors are required to prevent stroke because hypertension and diabetes mellitus were stronger contributors to stroke. These results have the conclusion that when establishing preventative methods, these risk factors should be considered while decision making.