How does motherhood and fatherhood affect academic trajectories? A study on gender gaps in academic science in Uruguay

The preliminary results show evidence that mothers and fathers show differences in their educational trajectories, and in access to academic positions and publications. The most critical points seem to be related to motherhood and the stage of culmination of the doctorate. Likewise, it is observed that the effects of motherhood could be affecting the average publications of women, which would generate cumulative disadvantages throughout their careers. Access to higher ranking and higher pay grades continues to show significant gaps for women who have and do not have children. Although there are differences by area, this glass ceiling remains one of the most rigid ones in academic science in Uruguay.