Gateway Based Multi-Hop Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network consists of application oriented and cheap micro-devices called sensors nodes
having potential of connecting the physical world with virtual world by their sensing abilities. These sensor
nodes are having restrained battery sources. Efficient energy management is current area of research in
wireless sensor networks. Here we advice one such energy aware multi-hop protocol (G-DEEC) for two
level heterogeneous networks. In G-DEEC, the Base Station is placed out of sensing area and rechargeable
gateway nodes are placed inside field with other randomly deployed sensor nodes. Simulation shows the
proposed protocol G-DEEC is better than single-hop DEEC in terms of number of half dead nodes, alive
nodes and dead nodes; thereby showing improvement in network lifetime and stability