IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL ÁCIDO ROSMARÍNICO A PARTIR DE Cordia sebestena (BORAGINACEAE)

RESUMEN

El ácido rosmarínico es un éster del ácido cafeico y el ácido 3,4-dihidroxifenil láctico, un fenil propanoide
natural, que se encuentra principalmente en las especies de la familia Boraginaceae, la subfamilia
Nepetoideae de la familia lameaceae y en algunas plantas inferiores como los helechos. Se aisló e identificó
por primera vez a partir de Rosmarinus officinalis por dos químicos italianos, Scarpati y Oriente en 1958. Se
realizó fraccionamiento ácido-base sobre el extracto hidroalcoholico crudo (ECH), con el propósito de obtener
únicamente fracción de ácidos fuertes (Af). La misma se separó por cromatografía de columna para obtener
la subfracción Af-1, a partir de la cual se aisló un sólido amarillo con PF 170 °C, el cual se caracterizó química
y espectroscópicamente por UV, IR y RMN 1H, 13C y se identificó como ácido rosmarínico.

ABSTRACT

Different investigations on the Boraginaceae family have focused on the search for substances of proven
pharmacological activity. The Cordia sebestena species, has not been studied as much, in a chemical and
pharmacological way, so it is interesting to study this endemic plant in the western Venezuelan region. The
plant material was collected in the city of Maracaibo, Zulia state. Raw hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from
the fresh leaves by maceration with isopropanol-water (7: 3). By means of acid-base extraction, the fraction of
strong acids was obtained. It was separated by column chromatography to obtain Af-1 subfraction, from which
a yellow solid was isolated with mp 170 ° C, which was characterized chemically and spectroscopically by UV,
IR and 1H, 13C NMR and identified as rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-
dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid, a natural phenyl propanoid, which is found mainly in the species of the family
Boraginaceae, the subfamily Nepetoideae of the family Lameaceae and in some lower plants such as Ferns.