Published January 1, 2018 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Factors affecting female entrepreneurial intentions in Kabul, Afghanistan

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Kardan University

Description

Female Entrepreneurship is an emerging phenomenon all over the world. It has even more importance in the context of least developed economies like Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, overall situation in terms of social and cultural as well as political and geographical aspects is different from other countries around the world. Female participation in business and their public presence is something very new here in Afghanistan. This study presents an empirical analysis of the factors affecting female entrepreneurial intentions in Kabul, Afghanistan. The current study employs quantitative methodology. The sampling frame for this study is 60 female owned registered enterprises in Kabul, Afghanistan (ACCI, 2015). A 5- point’s likert scale is used as survey instrument to collect the data from the respondents. Pull and push factors theory is considered as an underlying theory for this research.
The research concluded that the input variables; economical factors and motivation play a significant role in affecting entrepreneurial intentions in Kabul city, while the other input variables; socio-cultural and security factors do not significantly impact the outcome variable i.e. entrepreneurial intentions. The study also found out that the independent variables bring 73% changes in the dependent variable. The research study recommends the formalization and promotion of female entrepreneurial activities in Afghanistan. In addition, similar studies should be conducted in other parts of the country to validate the findings from this study.

Files

Factors Affecting Female Entrepreneurial Intentions in Kabul, Afghanistan.pdf

Files (991.6 kB)

Additional details

References

  • Acs, Z.J., Arenius, P., Hay, M., and Minniti, M. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2004 executive report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
  • Adeleke, A., Oyenuga, O.O. And Ogundele, OJ.K. (2003) Business Policy and Strategy. Mushin, Lagos: Concept Publications Limited.
  • Amin, et al, Emrouznejad, A., G. R. (2010). On the boundedness of the SORM DEA models with negative data. European Journal of Operational Research, 206(1), 265-268.
  • Baum, J. R., M. Frese, and R. A. Baron (2007). The Psychology of Entrepreneurship. Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers
  • Bird, B.(1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: the case of intentions, Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-54.
  • Brown, S., Doyle, W., Lewis, H., Mallette, D. And Young, P. (2002), Women Entrepreneurs in Canada in the 90's, Business Development Bank of Canada, Montreal.
  • Brush, C. And Hisrich, R. (1999), Women-Owned Businesses: Why Do They Matter?, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston, MA.
  • Cassar G. (2007). Money, Money, Money? A Longitudinal Investigation of Entrepreneur Career Reasons, Growth Preferences and Achieved Growth. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 19(1), 89-107
  • Collins, O. and Moore, D. G. (1970). The organization makers: A behavioral study of independent entrepreneurs. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts (Meredith Corporation).
  • Franke, N. And Lüthje, C., (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students—A benchmarking study, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(03), 269-288
  • Hessels, J., van Gelderen, M. & Thurik, R. (2008). Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers, Small Business Economics, 31(3), 323-339.
  • Hisrich, R.D. (2005). Entrepreneurship: New Venture creation.5thed .Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
  • ILO. (2006).Vulnerability and young women Entrepreneurs: A case study of Ethiopian Informal Economy. Geneva: International Labor Organization. Retrieved on 16-5-10 fromhttp://www.cartierwomensinitiative.com/docs/Ethiopian_women_entrepreneurs_ILO.pdf
  • ILO (2008).Women Entrepreneurs in Kenya. Factors affecting Women Entrepreneurs in Micro and Small Enterprises in Kenya. Geneva. International labor organization.
  • Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D. and Carsrud, A.L. (2000), Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions, Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 11-32.
  • Singh, R. (2012). Women Entrepreneurship Issues, Challenges and Empowerment through Self Help Groups: An Overview of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Democratic and Development Studies (ijdds), 2(1), 77-90.
  • Dangi, N & Ritika, R. (2014), Women Entrepreneurship and Growth and Performance Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 16 VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 JANUARY 2018 of MSMEs in India. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 2(4).
  • Farah, A. (2014), Factors influencing women participation in entrepreneurial activities in Mandera Township, Mandera Central Division , Kenya, Unpublished Thesis,
  • Huck, J. F., & McEwen, T. (1991). Competencies needed for small business success: perception of Jamaican entrepreneurs, Journal of Small Business Management, 3, 90-93.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1961).The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
  • Mahbub, U.H. (2000).Human Development Centre, Human Development in South Asia: The Gender Question ,Oxford University Press.
  • Marlow, S. & Carter, S. (2004). Accounting for change: Professional status, gender disadvantage and self-employment. Women in Management Review, 19, 5-17.
  • Marlow, S., & Patton, D. (2005). All credit to men? Entrepreneurship, finance, and gender. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 717-735.
  • Mburugu, E. K. & Hussein, M. (2002), Enhancing Better Natural Resource Use to Prevent Conflict Among Pastoralist Communities in Kenya. A consultancy report done for Oxfam GB, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Namdari, R, Raz, S & Aramoon, H. (2012). A Survey On Socio-Cultural And Economical Factors Affecting Women Entrepreneurs in Khouzestan Provinc, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(13), 11-17.
  • Nor Aishah, B and Yufiza, M. Y. (2004). Demographics and personal characteristics of urban Malaysian entrepreneurs: an ethnic comparison. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on SMEs in a Global Economy, University Technology Mara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 6-7th July, 2004.
  • Nusrat, A. (2014). Directory Afghan Women Businesses. Afghanistan: Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce (ACCI).
  • OECD (2002) Small and Medium Enterprise Outlook, Paris.
  • Peter D. Bennett and Harold H. Kassarjian, Consumer Behavior (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972).
  • Robertson, M., Collins, A., Medeira, N., & Slater, J. (2003). Barriers to start-up and their effect on aspirant entrepreneurs. Education & Training, 45(6), 306–316.
  • Sabri, N. (2015), From invisibility to visibility of female entrepreneurship in Afghanistan, Unpublished Thesis.
  • Sagie, A. and Elizur, D. (1999). Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 17 VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 JANUARY 2018 structural analysis, Journal of organizational Behavior, 20(3), 375-387
  • Shane, S., E. Locke and C. Collins. (2003). Entrepreneurial Motivation. Human Resource Management Review, 13, 257-279.
  • Shapero A, Sokol L. (1982). Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship. In S. D. Kent C, The Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 72–90
  • Schein, V.E. & Mueller, R. (1992)., Sex role stereotyping and requisite management characteristics: A cross cultural look. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 439-447.
  • Ying, Z., Lu, L., Kumah, S. (2013), Factors that influence the success of women entrepreneur in China: a survey of women entrepreneurs in Beijing , IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 18(3), 83-91.
  • Uddin, M. R. and Bose, T. K., (2012), Determinants of entrepreneurial intention of business students in Bangladesh, International Journal of Business and Management,7 (24), 128.
  • UNECE (2004)., Women's Self Employment and Entrepreneurship in the ECE region, background paper prepared by the secretariat for the Regional Symposium on Mainstreaming Gender into Economic Policies, Geneva, 28-30 January 2004. Retrieved on 18-5-10. from http://www.unece.org/indust/sme/ece-sme.htm.pdf
  • Zeffane, R., (2012), Gender and Youth Entrepreneurial Potential: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates, International Journal of Business and Management, 8 (1), 60.