Pre-normative technology roadmap and new use cases in electric bus and truck charging
Authors/Creators
- 1. Electrical powertrains and storage VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo, Finland
Description
This report represents the public version of ASSURED deliverable D4.1.
This document is outlining the foreseen developments in the heavy-duty (HD) vehicle fast charging, especially in electric buses and trucks, with the aim of supporting and facilitating the future standardisation efforts on charging technologies by creating a clear overview of popularity of charging technologies and the end users’ needs.
The required input for the work was collected by reviewing the existing literatures and conducting surveys and interviews on end users and technical stakeholders. According to the findings from surveys and interviews, pantograph on the roof and plug-based charging are the most commonly used charging technologies currently. This trend is very likely to continue in the future, since 1) pantograph on vehicle roof, 2) pantograph on infrastructure and 3) plug were graded as charging technologies with the highest potential by the participants of technical survey. Static and conductive charging have higher potential, as compared to dynamic and wireless charging. Nevertheless, inductive charging can be the future charging solution for HD EVs, only if the current bottlenecks in the technology can be addressed. These bottlenecks include a high price, low efficiency, lack of standardisation, and safety concerns. Achieving interoperability was repeatedly mentioned as the main challenge in today’s charging technologies. Providing full interoperable charging system has been one of the focuses of ASSURED project, which is successfully achieved by developing a set of standards with high technical robustness, developing communication protocol that is clearly integrated into the regulation, and performing conformance and interoperability testing.
The data collected in the course of this work are synthesized into a roadmap, which can act as a basis for future standardisation efforts. Furthermore, based on the conducted analysis on the expected upcoming charging technologies and solutions, three new use cases