Monitoring of Vegetation Change using Lands at 8 Imagery and GIS Technique in Tehama Coastal Plain, Yemen

The aim of the study is to classify and monitor changes in vegetation and land cover in the Tehama region using Landsat 8 images for the periods 2015 and 2021, and geographic information systems (GIS). Vegetation cover can be classified and monitored using many indicators, such as Vegetation Index (VI), Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), Green Vegetation Index (GVI), and Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), but the most common index used to monitor vegetation cover is the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI was applied to two different periods, 2015 and 2021. For both periods, Landsat 8 satellite images have been used for the study area in order to assess changes in the vegetation cover of the Tehama Coastal Plain. The differences in NDVI for the two periods were detected and classified using ArcGIS software Ver. 10.8. The results of the classification showed a remarkable improvement in the vegetation cover, as they increased in 2021 compared to 2015 by about 9.5%, and the number of farms (uncultivated) increased by about 11.4%. This is attributed to the changes in the climate conditions in the area. The data showed an increase in rainfall in 2020 with a partial decrease in 2021. In general, the abundance of rainfall water for the last two years helped the growth rate of agricultural activities and spread in the region