Covid19 Vaccines: Clinical Trials Status with Targeted Action

Since November 2019, the World facing pandemic challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-2). Initially, the infectivity of the virus was identified at Wuhan city of China. The virus officially named COVID-19 causes respiratory tract infections in humans. Tyrrell and Bynoe identified the first strain of the human coronavirus in 1965. Covid -19 develops faster than its two predecessors the SARS COV-2 and Middle East respiratory affection coronavirus (MERS – COV) but have lower mortality. Currently, most of the pharmaceutical industries were in a race to developing antiviral drugs and vaccines against COVID-19. Companies conducting the experiments and clinical trials of various vaccines are ongoing to ensure effectiveness and safety in humans. In this review, we provide an overview of Covid-19 history, types of vaccine and mechanism of actions, the current status of a clinical trial, future therapeutic drugs, and patents. Relative with the mechanism of actions such as an inactivated vaccine, vector vaccines, DNA and RNA based vaccine and antiviral drugs already entered in (Phase II and III) clinical trials. Furthermore, we summarize various trending vaccines having more effectiveness on humans in the future. A scientist may face challenges during the postmarketing clinical trial because the time taken for developing the drug was very less and so they may observe new interactions and toxicity worldwide. But this is also a good opportunity for upcoming scientists to improve the quality, and minimize the adverse effects. This report shows the current status of vaccines.