Twenty four hour continuous tympanic temperature recordings in healthy volunteers and patients presented with Undifferentiated fever

Twenty-four-hour continuous tympanic temperature recordings were obtained using high-accuracy tympanic probes placed at the auditory canal. Measurements were recorded at one-minute intervals over a 24-hour period, yielding 1,440 data points per subject and enabling high-resolution temporal profiling of body temperature.

In Phase I, a total of 100 healthy adult volunteers were recruited to establish baseline circadian thermoregulatory patterns. These recordings were stratified by gender to examine physiological variability among individuals without fever.

In Phase II, 184 adult patients presenting with undifferentiated fever of seven or more days’ duration were enrolled. Based on clinical examination and laboratory confirmation, the temperature profiles were analysed across a range of conditions, including tuberculosis, non-tubercular bacterial infections, dengue fever, malaria, leptospirosis, pyogenic sepsis, thyroiditis, malignancies, and non-infectious inflammatory diseases. This dual-phase dataset facilitated a comparative analysis between normative and pathological thermoregulatory patterns, supporting the development of classification models for diagnostic differentiation.