Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Green methods & Technology

The global movement toward more environmentally friendly "green" techniques has expressed itself in the chemistry of green nanomaterials. Green chemistry emphasizes the importance of avoiding the usage, or at the very least reducing the consumption, of organic solvents during a chemical process. Traditional methods are time-consuming, and the waste generated from the process may be detrimental to human health. Currently, nanomaterials are synthesized using both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Both processes are highly effective and often involve the use of toxic reagents. In contrast, green synthesis requires very little energy and can be easily recycled. The green synthesis of nanomaterials has many advantages over conventional methods. It is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and can be used to make other substances, like nanoparticles. One of the most prominent benefits of green synthesis is the fact that it does not produce toxic byproducts. In addition to this, it is highly recyclable and does not require any harmful chemicals. Additionally, green synthesis of nanomaterials reduces the risks of contamination. Nanomaterials have been widely used for fluorescent cell imaging, drug delivery, and cancer diagnostics. As a result, the green synthesis process can also be extended to semiconductor nanoparticles. These materials have less growth, which makes them suitable for solar cells, fuel cells, and load carriers.  The emphasis of this chapter will be on green synthesis or biosynthesis of nanomaterials using various approaches.