Published October 12, 2021 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Data from: Global migration is driven by the complex interplay between environmental and social factors

Description

The datasets were produced in the following article. When using the data, please use the following citation:

Niva V, Kallio M, Muttarak R, Taka M, Varis O, Kummu M. 2021. Global migration is driven by the complex interplay between environmental and social factors. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e86

The data include the following files:

AC.tif

            Composite index computed based on the four AC variables by taking a mean over the respective variables:

            economy.tif

                        Downscaled and min-max normalized income data.

            education.tif

                        Min-max normalized education data.

            governance.tif

                        Min-max normalized governance data.

            health.tif

                        Min-max normalized health data.

For all of the above data, 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest capacity, respectively.

ES.tif

            Composite index computed based on the four ES variables by taking a mean over the respective variables:

            foodProdScarcityScaled.tif

                        Food production scarcity data based on food production data.

            droughtRiskScaled.tif

                        Computed and scaled drought risk based on SPEI index.

            waterRiskScaled.tif

                        Computed and scaled water risk data based on three water stress indices.

For all of the above data 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest stress, respectively. Kindly note that data for natural hazards is available at its source (please see the list below). 

class_raster.tif

            Spatial representation of the classification matrix.

cntryID.gpkg

            Country polygons with country IDs.

cntry_raster_masked.tif

           Country raster with country IDs.

countriesRegionsZones.csv

           Country groups and countries.

Dataset specifications:

spatial extent: -180, 180, -90, 90

spatial resolution: 5 arc-min (0.083333333 degrees)

projection: long/lat WGS84

no data value: NA

 

Original data to produce the above indicators and to replicate the full analysis is available at the following sources:

Net-migration data (30 arc-sec resolution): https://doi.org/10.7927/H4319SVC

Natural hazards: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398

Governance effectiveness: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398

Human Development Indicators (income, education, health): https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2019.38

Water risk indicators: https://doi.org/10.46830/writn.18.00146

Drought (SPEI index): https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1

Food production: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420

Population data: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683609356587

Notes

This study was funded by Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki r.y., Aalto University (Base Funds and the 520 Doctoral Programme of the School of Engineering), Academy of Finland funded project WATVUL (grant no. 317320), European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 819202) 522 and IIASA including the National Member Organizations that support the institute.

Files

AC.tif

Files (56.6 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:5f898e924189523fa1c794b2b4f8f3dc
5.5 MB Preview Download
md5:2e5b241712dd7420ab22114c7df65fb9
2.1 MB Preview Download
md5:949a1bdefaf8ab93a396e5a1b922c970
2.0 MB Preview Download
md5:0dec43ae0269d9a26e4c230cee6af09e
2.4 MB Download
md5:9ad40eeffbc952a8fc64b3f08fa5b41e
39.6 kB Preview Download
md5:a378e07198427f616ab4c59e74c5f1ca
11.3 MB Preview Download
md5:44c7b3b0a14ea731832b5768b89721d8
5.5 MB Preview Download
md5:a2b68ef964b21ed807ca9f389aec9a79
2.7 MB Preview Download
md5:39af630095c458af2461f45e61f8520c
12.8 MB Preview Download
md5:8c67c491631479ddaed77d95a6e0a848
2.5 MB Preview Download
md5:fa616d6796619997610d14e34ccfd541
1.9 MB Preview Download
md5:a944a12394589169cb69ae4994f3f116
2.6 MB Preview Download
md5:b1f650a1cb825ac0673cf4c347ad8643
5.3 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Funding

Research Council of Finland
Water and vulnerability in fragile societies / Consortium: WATVUL 317320
European Commission
SOS.aquaterra - Respecting safe operating spaces: opportunities to meet future food demand with sustainable use of water and land resources 819202

References

  • Hofste R, Kuzma S, Walker S and Sutanudjaja E H 2019 Aqueduct 3.0: Updated Decision- Relevant Global Water Risk Indicators
  • Klein Goldewijk K, Beusen A and Janssen P 2010 Long-term dynamic modeling of global population and built-up area in a spatially explicit way: HYDE 3.1 The Holocene 20 565–73
  • Mueller N D, Gerber J S, Johnston M, Ray D K, Ramankutty N and Foley J A 2012 Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management Nature 490 254–7
  • de Sherbinin A, Levy M, Adamo S, MacManus K, Yetman G, Mara V, Razafindrazay L, Goodrich B, Srebotnjak T, Aichele C and Pistolesi L 2015 Global Estimated Net Migration Grids by Decade: 1970-2000 Online: https://doi.org/10.7927/H4319SVC
  • Smits J and Permanyer I 2019 The Subnational Human Development Database Scientific Data 6 190038
  • Varis, Olli; Taka, Maija; Kummu, Matti (2019), Data from: The planet's stressed river basins: too much pressure or too little adaptive capacity?, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h2v2398
  • Vicente-Serrano S M, Beguería S and López-Moreno J I 2010 A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Journal of Climate 23 1696–718