Factor Affecting the Magnitude and the Direction of the Pressure Exerted on the Gravity Retaining Wall

Gravity retaining wall are structures used to retain the soil by its weight .the stability of such type of walls depend on the magnitude and direction of the horizontal forces exerted by soil . it found that there is many factors affect the value and the acting point of acting. Based on this, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of water table, external vertical loads, sloping of the backfill and the type of the backfill soil. It show that, the value of the horizontal soil pressure increase from147KN/m' on dry soil to about 307 KN/m' as the soil become saturated.also,effect of external loads are studied , and show its increase the total horizontal forces of the soil pressure. Sloping the backfill soil behind the retaining wall also great effect on the earth pressure. The type of the backfill soil behind the retaining wall also investigated and found its effect of the earth forces.