Thesis Open Access

The properties of low-metallicity massive stars

Tramper, F.

Thesis supervisor(s)

de Koter, Alex; Kaper, Lex; Sana, Hugues

My thesis has two main topics: the study of low-metallicity massive stars, and the study of the suspected final stage of massive stars from a certain initial mass range, the WO stars. All the data that has been used in this thesis has been obtained with the X-Shooter spectrograph on ESO's Very Large Telescope.
As the formation of massive stars was favored in the metal-free early universe, the properties and evolution of low-metallicity massive stars gives insight in the influence of these stars in the young universe. I have quantitatively analyzed six O-type stars in the low-metallicity dwarf galaxies IC1613, WLM and NGC3109. These stars appear to have surprisingly strong winds, and do not agree with theoretical predictions. The analysis of four more O stars confirms this finding. The low-metallicity temperature scale, recent star formation history of the galaxies and the evolutionary state of the O stars are also discussed.
The enigmatic WO stars are very rare (only 9 are known), and are thought to represent the final stage of some of the most massive stars. The spectra of most of these stars have never been modeled in detailed using expanding atmosphere codes. I have modeled the spectrum of the low-metallicity WO star DR1 and find abundances comparable to carbon Wolf-Rayet stars, but a much higher stellar temperature. The study of the other known single WO stars (5 in total) shows that most of them show very high carbon and oxygen abundances, and have less then 40% of helium left (by mass). The found stellar abundances will be used to constrain the initial masses of the stars and their evolutionary path. They are also used to constrain the illusive carbon to oxygen thermonuclear reaction rate.

Files (42.6 MB)
Name Size
thesis.pdf
md5:bc710a8b6fde95b3b7e1f8cfed1b503b 		42.6 MB Download

  • Aoki, W., Tominaga, N., Beers, T. C., Honda, S., & Lee, Y. S. 2014, Science, 345, 912

  • Armandroff, T. E. & Massey, P. 1991, AJ, 102, 927

  • Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J., & Scott, P. 2009, ARA&A, 47, 481

  • Baldwin, J. A., Ferland, G. J., Martin, P. G., et al. 1991, ApJ, 374, 580

  • Baraffe, I., Heger, A., & Woosley, S. E. 2001, ApJ, 550, 890

  • Barlow, M. J. & Hummer, D. G. 1982, in IAU Symposium, Vol. 99, Wolf-Rayet Stars: Observations, Physics, Evolution, ed. C. W. H. De Loore & A. J. Willis, 387–392

  • Bonanos, A. Z. 2013, in IAU Symposium, Vol. 289, IAU Symposium, ed. R. de Grijs, 173–178

  • Böhm-Vitense, E. 1958, ZAp, 46, 108

  • Bresolin, F., Crowther, P. A., & Puls, J., eds. 2008, IAU Symposium, Vol. 250, Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines

  • Bresolin, F., Gieren, W., Kudritzki, R.-P., et al. 2009, ApJ, 700, 309

  • Bresolin, F., Pietrzyn ́ski, G., Urbaneja, M. A., et al. 2006, ApJ, 648, 1007

  • Bresolin, F., Urbaneja, M. A., Gieren, W., Pietrzyn ́ski, G., & Kudritzki, R.-P. 2007, ApJ, 671, 2028

  • Brott, I., de Mink, S. E., Cantiello, M., et al. 2011, A&A, 530, A115

  • Cantiello, M. & Braithwaite, J. 2011, A&A, 534, A140

  • Cantiello, M., Langer, N., Brott, I., et al. 2009, A&A, 499, 279

  • Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. 1989, ApJ, 345, 245

  • Castelli, F. & Kurucz, R. L. 2004, ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints

  • Castor, J. I., Abbott, D. C., & Klein, R. I. 1975, ApJ, 195, 157

  • Castro, N., Herrero, A., Garcia, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 41

  • Caughlan, G. R., Fowler, W. A., Harris, M. J., & Zimmerman, B. A. 1985, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 32, 197

  • Charbonneau, P. 1995, ApJS, 101, 309

  • Cole, A. A., Tolstoy, E., Gallagher, III, J. S., et al. 1999, AJ, 118, 1657

  • Crowther, P. A. & Hadfield, L. J. 2006, A&A, 449, 711

  • Crowther, P. A., De Marco, O., & Barlow, M. J. 1998, MNRAS, 296, 367

  • Crowther, P. A., Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Abbott, J. B., & Fullerton, A. W. 2002, A&A, 392, 653

  • Crowther, P. A., Fullerton, A. W., Hillier, D. J., et al. 2000, ApJ, 538, L51

  • Crowther, P. A., Morris, P. W., & Smith, J. D. 2006, ApJ, 636, 1033

  • Davidge, T. J. 1993, AJ, 105, 1392

  • Davidson, K. & Kinman, T. D. 1982, PASP, 94, 634

  • de Koter, A., Heap, S. R., & Hubeny, I. 1997, ApJ, 477, 792

  • De Marco, O., Schmutz, W., Crowther, P. A., et al. 2000, A&A, 358, 187

  • de Mink, S. E., Langer, N., Izzard, R. G., Sana, H., & de Koter, A. 2013, ApJ, 764, 166

  • de Mink, S. E., Sana, H., Langer, N., Izzard, R. G., & Schneider, F. R. N. 2014, ApJ, 782, 7

  • Dessart, L., Crowther, P. A., Hillier, D. J., et al. 2000, MNRAS, 315, 407

  • Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Livne, E., et al. 2011a, MNRAS, 414, 2985

  • Dessart, L., Hillier, D. J., Livne, E., et al. 2011b, MNRAS, 414, 2985

  • Donati, J.-F. & Landstreet, J. D. 2009, ARA&A, 47, 333

  • Drew, J. E., Barlow, M. J., Unruh, Y. C., et al. 2004, MNRAS, 351, 206

  • D’Odorico, S. & Rosa, M. 1982, A&A, 105, 410

  • Ekström, S., Georgy, C., Eggenberger, P., et al. 2012, A&A, 537, A146

  • Eldridge, J. J., Fraser, M., Smartt, S. J., Maund, J. R., & Crockett, R. M. 2013, ArXiv e-prints

  • Evans, C. J., Bresolin, F., Urbaneja, M. A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 659, 1198

  • Ferland, G. J., Porter, R. L., van Hoof, P. A. M., et al. 2013, Rev. Mexicana Astron. Astrofis., 49, 137

  • Fitzpatrick, E. L. 1999, PASP, 111, 63

  • Gal-Yam, A., Arcavi, I., Ofek, E. O., et al. 2014, Nature, 509, 471

  • Garcia, M. & Herrero, A. 2013, A&A, 551, A74

  • Garcia, M., Herrero, A., Najarro, F., Lennon, D. J., & Urbaneja, M. A. 2014, ArXiv e-prints

  • Garcia, M., Herrero, A., Vicente, B., et al. 2009, A&A, 502, 1015

  • Garnett, D. R., Kennicutt, Jr., R. C., Chu, Y.-H., & Skillman, E. D. 1991, ApJ, 373, 458

  • Georgy, C., Meynet, G., Walder, R., Folini, D., & Maeder, A. 2009, A&A, 502, 611

  • Gibson, B. K. 2000, Mem. Soc. Astron. Italiana, 71, 693

  • Gräfener, G. & Hamann, W.-R. 2005, A&A, 432, 633

  • Gräfener, G. & Hamann, W.-R. 2008, A&A, 482, 945

  • Gräfener, G. & Vink, J. S. 2013, A&A, 560, A6

  • Gräfener, G., Hamann, W.-R., Hillier, D. J., & Koesterke, L. 1998, A&A, 329, 190

  • Gräfener, G., Koesterke, L., & Hamann, W.-R. 2002, A&A, 387, 244

  • Gräfener, G., Owocki, S. P., & Vink, J. S. 2012, A&A, 538, A40

  • Gräfener, G., Vink, J. S., de Koter, A., & Langer, N. 2011, A&A, 535, A56

  • Groenewegen, M. A. T., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., & Pauldrach, A. W. A. 1989, A&A, 221, 78

  • Groh, J. H., Meynet, G., Ekström, S., & Georgy, C. 2014, A&A, 564, A30

  • Haiman, Z. & Loeb, A. 1997, ApJ, 483, 21

  • Hainich, R., Rühling, U., Todt, H., et al. 2014, A&A, 565, A27

  • Hamann, W.-R. & Koesterke, L. 1998, A&A, 335, 1003

  • Hamann, W.-R., Koesterke, L., & Wessolowski, U. 1995, A&A, 299, 151

  • Hartoog, O. E., Sana, H., de Koter, A., & Kaper, L. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 367

  • Heger, A., Jeannin, L., Langer, N., & Baraffe, I. 1997, A&A, 327, 224

  • Henrichs, H. F. 1999, in Lecture Notes in Physics, Berlin Springer Verlag, Vol. 523, IAU Colloq. 169: Variable and Non-spherical Stellar Winds in Luminous Hot Stars, ed. B. Wolf, O. Stahl, & A. W. Fullerton, 304

  • Herrero, A., Garcia, M., Puls, J., et al. 2012, A&A, 543, A85

  • Herrero, A., Garcia, M., Uytterhoeven, K., et al. 2011, in IAU Symposium, Vol. 272,

  • Hillier, D. J. & Miller, D. L. 1999, ApJ, 519, 354

  • Hosek, Jr., M. W., Kudritzki, R.-P., Bresolin, F., et al. 2014, ApJ, 785, 151

  • Humphreys, R. M. & Davidson, K. 1994, PASP, 106, 1025

  • IAU Symposium, ed. C. Neiner, G. Wade, G. Meynet, & G. Peters, 292–293 Hillier, D. J. & Miller, D. L. 1998, ApJ, 496, 407

  • Iglesias, C. A., Rogers, F. J., & Wilson, B. G. 1992, ApJ, 397, 717

  • Ishii, M., Ueno, M., & Kato, M. 1999, PASJ, 51, 417

  • Kehrig, C., Oey, M. S., Crowther, P. A., et al. 2011, A&A, 526, A128

  • Kingsburgh, R. L. & Barlow, M. J. 1995, A&A, 295, 171

  • Kingsburgh, R. L., Barlow, M. J., & Storey, P. J. 1995, A&A, 295, 75

  • Kippenhahn, R. & Weigert, A. 1990, Stellar Structure and Evolution

  • Kudritzki, R. P. 2002, ApJ, 577, 389

  • Kudritzki, R. P., Pauldrach, A., & Puls, J. 1987, A&A, 173, 293

  • Kudritzki, R.-P. & Puls, J. 2000, ARA&A, 38, 613

  • Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. & Nugis, T. 2002, A&A, 395, L1

  • Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Snow, T. P., & Lindholm, D. M. 1995, ApJ, 455, 269

  • Langer, N. 1989, A&A, 210, 93

  • Langer, N. 2012, ARA&A, 50, 107

  • Langer, N., Hamann, W.-R., Lennon, M., et al. 1994, A&A, 290, 819

  • Langer, N., Kiriakidis, M., El Eid, M. F., Fricke, K. J., & Weiss, A. 1988, A&A, 192, 177

  • Langer, N., Norman, C. A., de Koter, A., et al. 2007, A&A, 475, L19

  • Larson, R. B. 1998, MNRAS, 301, 569

  • Leitherer, C., Robert, C., & Drissen, L. 1992, ApJ, 401, 596

  • Lequeux, J., Peimbert, M., Rayo, J. F., Serrano, A., & Torres-Peimbert, S. 1979, A&A, 80, 155

  • Levesque, E. M. & Massey, P. 2012, AJ, 144, 2

  • Lucy, L. B. & Solomon, P. M. 1967, AJ, 72, 310

  • Lucy, L. B. & Solomon, P. M. 1970, ApJ, 159, 879

  • Lucy, L. B. 2012, A&A, 543, A18

  • Madau, P. & Rees, M. J. 2001, ApJ, 551, L27

  • Maeder, A. & Meynet, G. 2000, A&A, 361, 159

  • Maeder, A. 1983, A&A, 120, 113

  • Martins, F., Hillier, D. J., Paumard, T., et al. 2008, A&A, 478, 219

  • Martins, F., Schaerer, D., & Hillier, D. J. 2005, A&A, 436, 1049

  • Mason, B. D., Hartkopf, W. I., Gies, D. R., Henry, T. J., & Helsel, J. W. 2009, AJ, 137, 3358

  • Massey, P., Bresolin, F., Kudritzki, R. P., Puls, J., & Pauldrach, A. W. A. 2004, ApJ, 608, 1001

  • Massey, P., Neugent, K. F., Morrell, N., & Hillier, D. J. 2014, ApJ, 788, 83

  • Massey, P., Puls, J., Pauldrach, A. W. A., et al. 2005, ApJ, 627, 477

  • Massey, P., Waterhouse, E., & DeGioia-Eastwood, K. 2000, AJ, 119, 2214

  • Massey, P., Zangari, A. M., Morrell, N. I., et al. 2009, ApJ, 692, 618

  • McConnachie, A. W. 2012, AJ, 144, 4

  • Meynet, G. & Maeder, A. 2003, A&A, 404, 975

  • Meynet, G. & Maeder, A. 2005, A&A, 429, 581

  • Micic, M., Holley-Bockelmann, K., & Sigurdsson, S. 2011, MNRAS, 414, 1127

  • Minniti, D. & Zijlstra, A. A. 1997, AJ, 114, 147

  • Minniti, D., Zijlstra, A. A., & Alonso, M. V. 1999, AJ, 117, 881

  • Modigliani, A., Goldoni, P., Royer, F., et al. 2010, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol. 7737, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series

  • Moffat, A. F. J. & Seggewiss, W. 1984, A&AS, 58, 117

  • Mokiem, M. R., de Koter, A., Evans, C. J., et al. 2006, A&A, 456, 1131

  • Mokiem, M. R., de Koter, A., Puls, J., et al. 2005, A&A, 441, 711

  • Mokiem, M. R., de Koter, A., Vink, J. S., et al. 2007, A&A, 473, 603

  • Mokiem, M. R., Martín-Hernández, N. L., Lenorzer, A., de Koter, A., & Tielens, A. G. G. M. 2004, A&A, 419, 319

  • Morton, D. C. 1966, AJ, 71, 172

  • Muijres, L. E., Vink, J. S., de Koter, A., Müller, P. E., & Langer, N. 2012, A&A, 537, A37

  • Neugent, K. F., Massey, P., & Morrell, N. 2012, AJ, 144, 162

  • Nomoto, K., Tanaka, M., Tominaga, N., & Maeda, K. 2010, New A Rev., 54, 191

  • Nugis, T. & Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. 2000, A&A, 360, 227

  • Nugis, T. & Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. 2002, A&A, 389, 162

  • Osterbrock, D. E. & Ferland, G. J. 2006, Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei

  • Osterbrock, D. E., Tran, H. D., & Veilleux, S. 1992, ApJ, 389, 305

  • O’Donnell, J. E. 1994, ApJ, 422, 158

  • Pagel, B. E. J., Edmunds, M. G., Blackwell, D. E., Chun, M. S., & Smith, G. 1979, MNRAS, 189, 95

  • Pagel, B. E. J., Simonson, E. A., Terlevich, R. J., & Edmunds, M. G. 1992, MNRAS, 255, 325

  • Petrovic, J., Pols, O., & Langer, N. 2006, A&A, 450, 219

  • Pietrzyn ́ski, G., Gieren, W., Soszyn ́ski, I., et al. 2006, ApJ, 642, 216

  • Pilyugin, L. S. & Thuan, T. X. 2005, ApJ, 631, 231

  • Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., & Teukolsky, S. A. 1986, Numerical recipes. The art of scientific computing

  • Puls, J., Urbaneja, M. A., Venero, R., et al. 2005, A&A, 435, 669

  • Puls, J., Vink, J. S., & Najarro, F. 2008, A&A Rev., 16, 209

  • Rafelski, M., Wolfe, A. M., Prochaska, J. X., Neeleman, M., & Mendez, A. J. 2012, ApJ, 755, 89

  • Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H., Simón-Díaz, S., Sana, H., et al. 2013, A&A, 560, A29

  • Rubin, R. H., Dufour, R. J., & Walter, D. K. 1993, ApJ, 413, 242

  • Rubin, R. H., Simpson, J. P., Haas, M. R., & Erickson, E. F. 1991, ApJ, 374, 564

  • Salpeter, E. E. 1955, ApJ, 121, 161

  • Sana, H. & Evans, C. J. 2011, in IAU Symposium, Vol. 272, IAU Symposium, ed. C. Neiner, G. Wade, G. Meynet, & G. Peters, 474–485

  • Sana, H., de Koter, A., de Mink, S. E., et al. 2013, A&A, 550, A107

  • Sana, H., de Mink, S. E., de Koter, A., et al. 2012, Science, 337, 444

  • Sana, H., Rauw, G., & Gosset, E. 2001, A&A, 370, 121

  • Sander, A., Hamann, W.-R., & Todt, H. 2012, A&A, 540, A144

  • Sanduleak, N. 1971, ApJ, 164, L71

  • Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., & Davis, M. 1998, ApJ, 500, 525

  • Schmutz, W. 1997, A&A, 321, 268

  • Schmutz, W., Hamann, W.-R., & Wessolowski, U. 1989, A&A, 210, 236

  • Schneider, F. R. N., Izzard, R. G., de Mink, S. E., et al. 2014, ApJ, 780, 117

  • Skillman, E. D., Hidalgo, S. L., Weisz, D. R., et al. 2014, ApJ, 786, 44

  • Smartt, S. J., Crowther, P. A., Dufton, P. L., et al. 2001, MNRAS, 325, 257

  • Smith, L. F. & Maeder, A. 1991, A&A, 241, 77

  • Smith, N. & Tombleson, R. 2014, ArXiv e-prints

  • Smith, N., Vink, J. S., & de Koter, A. 2004, ApJ, 615, 475

  • Soszyn ́ski, I., Gieren, W., Pietrzyn ́ski, G., et al. 2006, ApJ, 648, 375

  • Stevens, I. R., Blondin, J. M., & Pollock, A. M. T. 1992, ApJ, 386, 265

  • Syphers, D. & Shull, J. M. 2013, ApJ, 765, 119

  • Tautvaišiene ̇, G., Geisler, D., Wallerstein, G., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2318

  • Tolstoy, E., Hill, V., & Tosi, M. 2009, ARA&A, 47, 371

  • Tramper, F., Gräfener, G., Hartoog, O. E., et al. 2013, A&A, 559, A72

  • Tramper, F., Sana, H., de Koter, A., & Kaper, L. 2011, ApJ, 741, L8

  • Tremonti, C. A., Heckman, T. M., Kauffmann, G., et al. 2004, ApJ, 613, 898

  • Tur, C., Heger, A., & Austin, S. M. 2007, ApJ, 671, 821

  • Tur, C., Wuosmaa, A., Austin, S. M., et al. 2006, in APS Division of Nuclear Physics Meeting Abstracts, C3

  • Urbaneja, M. A., Kudritzki, R.-P., Bresolin, F., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 118

  • Venn, K. A., Tolstoy, E., Kaufer, A., et al. 2003, AJ, 126, 1326

  • Vernet, J., Dekker, H., D’Odorico, S., et al. 2011, A&A, 536, A105

  • Vink, J. S. & de Koter, A. 2005, A&A, 442, 587

  • Vink, J. S. & Gräfener, G. 2012, ApJ, 751, L34

  • Vink, J. S., de Koter, A., & Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. 2000, A&A, 362, 295

  • Vink, J. S., de Koter, A., & Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. 2001, A&A, 369, 574

  • Vink, J. S., Muijres, L. E., Anthonisse, B., et al. 2011, A&A, 531, A132

  • Weaver, T. A. & Woosley, S. E. 1993, Phys. Rep., 227, 65

  • Woosley, S. E. & Bloom, J. S. 2006, ARA&A, 44, 507

  • Yoon, S.-C. & Cantiello, M. 2010, ApJ, 717, L62

  • Yoon, S.-C. & Langer, N. 2005, A&A, 443, 643

  • Yoon, S.-C., Gräfener, G., Vink, J. S., Kozyreva, A., & Izzard, R. G. 2012, A&A, 544, L11

  • Yoon, S.-C., Langer, N., & Norman, C. 2006, A&A, 460, 199

  • Zaritsky, D., Kennicutt, Jr., R. C., & Huchra, J. P. 1994, ApJ, 420, 87

64
174
views
downloads
All versions This version
Views 6465
Downloads 174174
Data volume 7.4 GB7.4 GB
Unique views 6364
Unique downloads 170170
More info on how stats are collected.
Indexed in
Publication date:
November 28, 2014
DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.55082

Zenodo DOI Badge

DOI 

10.5281/zenodo.55082

Markdown 

[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.55082.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55082)

reStructedText 

.. image:: https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.55082.svg
   :target: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55082

HTML 

<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55082"><img src="https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.55082.svg" alt="DOI"></a>

Image URL 

https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.55082.svg

Target URL 

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55082

Keyword(s):
Massive stars Wolf-Rayet stars
Awarding University:
University of Amsterdam
Related identifiers:
Has part
Alternate identifiers:
  • 9789461088208 (ISBN)
Communities:
License (for files):
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Share

Cite as

Export