Biodiversity Literature Repository

Submit to community
Liberated Data
Published July 26, 2010 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Description

Witzmann, Florian, Scholz, Henning, Müller, Johannes, Kardjilov, Nikolay (2010): Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (2): 302-340, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00599.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00599.x

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. Log in to check if you have access.

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFC57C2C2973FFC08A44FF8D4E072867

Cites
Publication: 10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100113 (DOI)
Has part
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439672 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439674 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439676 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439678 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439680 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439682 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439684 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439686 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439688 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5439690 (DOI)

References

  • Ahlberg PE, Luksevics E, Lebedev O. 1994. The first tetrapod finds from the Devonian (Upper Famennian) of Latvia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society london, Series B 343: 303-328.
  • Amalitzky WP. 1921. Dvinosauridae: North Dvina Excavations of Prof. Amalitzky. Petrograd: Russian Akademii Nauk.
  • Anderson JS, Reisz RR, Scott D, Frobisch NB, Sumida SS. 2008. A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders. Nature 453: 515-518.
  • Barkas TP. 1873. Illustrated guide to the fish, amphibian, reptilian and supposed mammalian remains of the Northumberland Carboniferous strata. London: Hutchings.
  • Beaumont EI. 1977. Cranial morphology of the Loxommatidae (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 280: 29-101.
  • Beaumont EI, Smithson TR. 1998. The cranial morphology and relationships of the aberrant Carboniferous amphibian Spathicephalus mirus Watson. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 187-209.
  • Berman DS, Reisz RR, Fracasso MA. 1981. Skull of the Lower Permian dissorophid amphibian Platyhystrix rugosus. Annals of Carnegie Museum 50: 391-416.
  • Bossy KA, Milner AC. 1998. Order Nectridea Miall 1875. In: Wellnhofer P, ed. Handbuch der palaoherpetologie, Vol. 1. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 73-131.
  • Boy JA. 1972. Die Branchiosaurier (Amphibia) des saarpfalzischen Rotliegenden (Unter-Perm, SW-Deutschland). Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes fur Bodenforschung 65: 1-137.
  • Boy JA. 1978. Die Tetrapodenfauna (Amphibia, Reptilia) des saarpfalzischen Rotliegenden (Unter-Perm; SW- Deutschland). 1. Branchiosaurus. Mainzer Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 7: 27-76.
  • Boy JA. 1988. Uber einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europaischen Rotliegend (?hochstes Karbon-Perm). 1. Sclerocephalus. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 62: 107-132.
  • Boy JA. 1990. Uber einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europaischen Rotliegend (?hochstes Karbon - Perm). 3. Onchiodon. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 64: 287-312.
  • Boy JA. 1993. Uber einige Vertreter der Eryopoidea (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) aus dem europaischen Rotliegend (?hochstes Karbon - Perm). 4. Cheliderpeton latirostre. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 67: 123-143.
  • Boy JA. 1995. Uber die Micromelerpetontidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). 1. Morphologie und Palaookologie des Micromelerpeton credneri (Unter-Perm; SW-Deutschland). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 69: 429-457.
  • Boy JA, Sues HD. 2000. Branchiosaurs: Larvae, Metamorphosis and Heterochrony in Temnospondyls and Seymouriamorphs. In: Heatwole H, Carroll RL, eds. Amphibian Biology 4. Palaeontology. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty, 1150-1197.
  • Broili F. 1904. Stammreptilien. Anatomischer Anzeiger 25: 577-587.
  • Bulanov VV. 2003. Evolution and systematics of seymouriamorph parareptiles. Paleontological Journal 37: 1-105.
  • Bystrow AP. 1935. Morphologische Untersuchungen der Deckknochen des Schadels der Stegocephalen. 1. Mitteilung. Schadel der Stegocephalen. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 16: 65-141.
  • Bystrow AP. 1938. Dvinosaurus als neotenische Form der Stegocephalen. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 19: 209- 295.
  • Bystrow AP. 1947. Hydrophilous and xerophilous labyrinthodonts. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 28: 137-164.
  • Carroll RL. 1964. Early evolution of the dissorophoid amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 131: 161-250.
  • Carroll RL. 1998. Order Microsauria Dawson 1863. In: Wellnhofer P, ed. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Vol. 1. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 1-72.
  • Carroll RL, Irwin J, Green DM. 2005. Thermal physiology and the origin of terrestriality in vertebrates. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 143: 345-358.
  • Case EC. 1910. New or little known reptiles and amphibians from the Permian (?) of Texas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 28: 163-181.
  • Case EC. 1935. Description of a collection of associated skel- etons of Trimerorhachis. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 4: 227-274.
  • Chinsamy A, Raath MA. 1992. Preparation of fossil bone for histological examination. Palaeontographica Africana 29: 39-44.
  • Clack JA. 1998. The Scottish Carboniferous tetrapod Crassigyrinus scoticus (Lydekker) - cranial anatomy and relationships. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 88: 127-142.
  • Clack JA. 2000. The origin of tetrapods. In: Heatwole H, Carroll RL, eds. Amphibian Biology 4. Palaeontology. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty, 979-1029.
  • Clack JA. 2002. Gaining ground. The origin and evolution of tetrapods. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Cloutier R, Ahlberg PE. 1996. Morphology, characters, and the interrelationships of basal sarcopterygians. In: Stiassny MLJ, Parenti LR, Johnson GD, eds. Interrelationships of fishes. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 445-480.
  • Coldiron RW. 1974. Possible functions of ornament in labyrinthodont amphibians. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History of Lawrence 33: 1-19.
  • Cope ED. 1868. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 20: 208-221.
  • Cope ED. 1877. Descriptions of extinct vertebrata from the Permian and Triassic formations of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 182-195.
  • Cope ED. 1878. Descriptions of extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian Formations of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 505-530.
  • Cope ED. 1882. Third contribution to the history of the Vertebrata of the Permian formation of Texas. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 20: 405-461.
  • Cope ED. 1884. The Batrachosauria of the Permian Period of North America. American Naturalist 18: 26-39.
  • Cope ED. 1895a. A batrachian armadillio. American Naturalist 29: 998.
  • Cope ED. 1895b. The reptilian order Cotylosauria. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 34: 436-457.
  • Cosgriff JW, Zawiskie JM. 1979. A new species of the Rhytidosteidae from the Lystrosaurus zone and a review of the Rhytidosteoidea. Palaeontologica Africana 22: 1-27.
  • Credner H. 1881. Die Stegocephalen (Labyrinthodonten) aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauenschen Grundes. Zweiter Theil. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 33: 298-330.
  • Credner H. 1883. Die Stegocephalen aus dem Rothliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. Vierter Theil. Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft 35: 275- 300.
  • Credner H. 1886. Die Stegocephalen aus dem Rotliegenden des Plauen'schen Grundes bei Dresden. Sechster Theil. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 38: 567- 633.
  • Damiani R, Schoch RR, Hellrung H, Werneburg R, Gastou S. 2009. The plagiosaurid temnospondyl Plagiosuchus pustuliferus (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany: anatomy and functional morphology of the skull. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155: 348-373.
  • De Andrade DV, Abe AS. 1997. Evaporite water-loss and oxygen uptake in two casque-headed tree frogs, Aparasphenodon brunoi and Corythomantis greeningi (Anura, Hylidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Series A 118: 685-689.
  • DeMar R. 1968. The Permian labyrinthodont amphibian Dissorophus multicinctus, and adaptations and phylogeny of the family Dissorophidae. Journal of Paleontology 42: 1210- 1242.
  • Dias EV, Richter M. 2002. On the squamation of Australerpeton cosgriffi Barberena, a temnospondyl amphibian from the Upper Permian. of Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 74: 477-490.
  • Dilkes D. 1990. A new trematopsid amphibian (Temnospondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Lower Permian. of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 222-243.
  • Drane CR, Webb GJW. 1980. Functional morphology of the dermal vascular system of the Australian lizard Tiliqua scincoides. Herpetologica 36: 60-66.
  • Efremov IA. 1929. Benthosaurus sushkini, ein neuer Labyrinthodont der permotriassischen Ablagerungen des Scharschenga Flusses, Nord-Duna Gouvernment. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de l'Union des Republiques Sovietiques Socialistes, Math and Natural Sciences 1929: 757-770.
  • Efremov IA. 1946. On the subclass Batrachosauria - a group of forms intermediate between amphibians and reptiles. Bulletin of the Academy of Science of the USSR Section of Biological Sciences 6: 615-638. (in Russian).
  • Fraas E. 1889. Die Labyrinthodonten der schwabischen Trias. Palaeontographica 36: 1-158.
  • Fraas E. 1896. Die schwabischen Trias-Saurier nach dem Material der Kgl. Naturalien-Sammlung in Stuttgart zusammengestellt. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  • Fraas E. 1913. Neue Labyrinthodonten aus der schwabischen Trias. Palaeontographica 60: 275-294.
  • Francillon-Vieillot H, de Buffrenil V, Castanet J, Geraudie J, Meunier FJ, Sire JY, Zylberberg L, de Ricqles A. 1990. Microstructure and mineralization of vertebrate skeletal tissues. In: Carter JG, ed. Biomineralization: Patterns and Evolutionary Trends. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 471-530.
  • Fritsch A. 1889. Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine der Permformation Bohmens, Vol. 2. Prag: Selbstverlag.
  • Fric A. 1876. Uber die Fauna der Gaskohle des Pilsner und Rakonitzer Beckens. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglichen Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 1875: 70-79.
  • Gastou S. 2007. A revision of the plagiosaurid Plagiosternum granulosum Fraas (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Triassic of Germany. Unpublished DES Report, Universite Paris 6.
  • Godfrey S. 1989. Ontogenetic changes in the skull of the Carboniferous tetrapod Greererpeton burkemorani Romer 1969. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 323: 135-153.
  • Godfrey S, Holmes R. 1995. The Pennsylvanian temnospondyl Cochleosaurus florensis Rieppel, from the lycopsid stump fauna at Florence, Nova Scotia. Breviora 500: 1-25.
  • Goldfuss GA. 1847. Beitrage zur vorweltlichen Fauna des Steinkohlengebirges. Bonn: Naturhistorischer Verein fur die preussischen Rheinlande.
  • Grigg G, Seebacher F. 2001. Crocodilian thermal relations. In: Grigg GC, Seebacher F, Franklin CE, eds. Crocodilian biology and evolution. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty, 297-309.
  • Gross W. 1930. Die Fische des Mittleren Old Red Sud- Livlands. Geologische und Palaontologische Abhandlungen. Neue Folge 18: 121-156.
  • Gubin YM. 1980. New Permian dissorophids of the Ural Forelands. Paleontological Journal 1980: 88-96.
  • Haines RW, Mohuiddin A. 1968. Metaplastic bone. Journal of Anatomy 103: 527-538.
  • Hammer O, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4: 9. Available at http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm
  • Hellrung H. 2003. Gerrothorax pustuloglomeratus, ein Temnospondyle (Amphibia) mit knocherner Branchialkammer aus dem Unteren Keuper von Kupferzell (Suddeutschland). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Ser. B 330: 1-130.
  • Hennig W. 1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.
  • Hill RV. 2006. Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms. Journal of Morphology 267: 1441- 1460.
  • Holmes R. 1989. The skull and axial skeleton of the Lower Permian anthracosauroid amphibian Archeria crassidisca Cope. Palaeontographica 207: 161-206.
  • Hook RW. 1983. Colosteus scutellatus (Newberry), a primitive temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Linton. Ohio. American Museum of Natural History Novitates 2770: 1-41.
  • von Huene F. 1922. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Organisation einiger Stegocephalen der schwabischen Trias. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 3: 395-460.
  • Huxley TH. 1859. On some amphibian and reptilian remains from South Africa and Australia. Quarterly Journal Geological Society London 1859: 52-56.
  • Ivakhnenko MF. 1980. Lanthanosuchids from the Permian of the East European Platform. Paleontological Journal 14: 80-90.
  • Jaeger GF. 1828. Uber die fossile Reptilien, welche in Wurttemberg aufgefunden worden sind. Stuttgart: Metzler.
  • Jarvik E. 1952. On the fish-like tail in the ichthyostegid stegocephalians with descriptions of a new stegocephalian and a new crossopterygian from the Upper Devonian of East Greenland. Meddelelser Om GrOnland 114: 1-90.
  • Jarvik E. 1980. Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.
  • Jordan H. 1849. Erganzende Beobachtungen zu der Abhandlung von Goldfuss uber die Gattung Archegosaurus. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins fur Rheinlande und Westphalen 6: 76-81.
  • Laurin M. 2000. Seymouriamorphs. In: Heatwole H, Carroll
  • Beatty & Sons, 1064-1080.
  • Laurin M, Girondot M, de Ricqles A. 2000. Early tetrapod evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 118-123.
  • Laurin M, Girondot M, Loth MM. 2004. The evolution of long bone microanatomy and lifestyle in lissamphibians. Paleobiology 30: 589-613.
  • Lebedev OA. 1984. The first find of a Devonian tetrapod vertebrate in the USSR. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Palaeontology 278: 1470-1473. (in Russian).
  • Lebedev OA, Clack JA. 1993. Upper Devonian tetrapods from Andreyevka, Tula Region, Russia. Palaeontology 36: 721-734.
  • Lebedev OA, Coates MI. 1995. The postcranial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Tulerpeton curtum Lebedev. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 307-348.
  • Levrat-Calviac V, Zylberberg L. 1986. The structure of the osteoderms in the gekko: Tarentola mauritanica. American Journal of Anatomy 176: 437-446.
  • Lucas FA. 1904. A new batrachian and a new reptile from the Triassic of Arizona. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 27: 193-195.
  • Maddin HC, Musat-Marcu S, Reisz RR. 2007. Histological microstructure of the claws of the African Clawed Frog, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae): implications for the evolution of claws in tetrapods. Journal of Experimental Zoology (Molecular and Developmental Evolution) 308B: 259- 268.
  • Maddison WP, Maddison DR. 2009. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.6. Available at http://mesquiteproject.org
  • Matthes E. 1934. Bau und Funktion der Lippensaume wasserlebender Urodelen. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 28: 155-169.
  • Mehl MG. 1913. A description of Chenoprosopus milleri gen. et spec. nov. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 181: 11-16.
  • von Meyer H. 1857. Uber fossile Saurierknochen des orenburgschen Gouvernements. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaontologie 1857: 539-543.
  • von Meyer H. 1858. Reptilien aus der Steinkohlenformation in Deutschland. Palaeontographica 6: 59-219.
  • von Meyer H, Plieninger T. 1844. Beitrage zur Palaontologie Wurttemberg's, enthaltend die fossilen Wirbeltierreste aus den Triasgebilden mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  • Navas CA, Jared C, Antoniazzi MM. 2002. Water economy in the casque-headed tree-frog Corythomantis greeningi (Hylidae): role of behaviour, skin, and skull skin co-ossification. Journal of Zoology 257: 525-532.
  • Pawley K. 2007. The postcranial skeleton of Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878 (Temnospondyli: Trimerorhachidae): a plesiomorphic temnospondyl from the Lower Permian of North America. Journal of Paleontology 81: 873-894.
  • Pawley K, Warren AA. 2006. The appendicular skeleton of Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1877 (Temnospondyli: Eryopoidea) from the Lower Permian of North America. Journal of Paleontology 80: 561-580.
  • Riabinin AN. 1927. Trematosuchus (?) jakovlevi nov. sp. from the Lower Triassic deposits in the surroundings of Rybinsk. Izvestija Geologicheskogo Komiteta (USSR) 45: 519-528. (in Russian with English summary).
  • Riabinin AN. 1930. A labyrinthodont stegocephalian Wetlugasaurus angustifrons nov. gen., nov. sp. from the Lower Triassic of Vetluga-Land in northern Russia. Annales de la Societe Paleontologique de Russie 8: 49-76. (in Russian).
  • Romer AS. 1936. Studies on American Permo-Carboniferous tetrapods. Problems of Paleontology 1: 85-93.
  • Romer AS. 1947. Review of the Labyrinthodontia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard College 99: 1-368.
  • Romer AS. 1969. A temnospondylous labyrinthodont from the Lower Carboniferous. Kirtlandia 6: 1-20.
  • Romer AS. 1972. Skin breathing - primary or secondary? Respiration Physiology 14: 183-192.
  • Ruta M, Coates MI. 2007. Dates, nodes and character conflict: addressing the lissamphibian origin problem. Journal of Systematic Paleontolology 5: 69-122.
  • Ruta M, Coates MI, Quicke DLJ. 2003. Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biological Reviews 78: 251- 345.
  • Scheyer TM, Sanchez-Villagra MR. 2007. Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: phylogeny and function. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52: 137-154.
  • Schoch RR. 1997a. A new capitosaurid amphibian from the Upper Lettenkeuper (Ladinian) of Kupferzell (Southwestern Germany). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 203: 239-272.
  • Schoch RR. 1997b. Cranial anatomy of the Permian temnospondyl amphibian Zatrachys serratus Cope 1878, and the phylogenetic position of the Zatracheidae. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 206: 223- 248.
  • Schoch RR. 2000. The status and osteology of two new cyclotosaurid amphibians from the Upper Moenkopi Formation of Arizona (Amphibia: Temnospondyli; Middle Triassic). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 216: 387-411.
  • Schoch RR. 2001. Can metamorphosis be recognised in Palaeozoic amphibians? Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 230: 335-367.
  • Schoch RR. 2002. The evolution of metamorphosis in temnospondyls. Lethaia 35: 309-327.
  • Schoch RR. 2003. Early larval ontogeny of the Permo- Carboniferous temnospondyl Sclerocephalus. Palaeontology 46: 1055-1072.
  • Schoch RR. 2008. A new stereospondyl from the Middle Triassic of Germany, and the origin of the Metoposauridae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152: 79- 113.
  • Schoch RR. 2009. Evolution of life cycles in early amphibians. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 37: 135-162. DOI:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100113.
  • Schoch RR, Carroll RL. 2003. Ontogenetic evidence for the Paleozoic ancestry of salamanders. Evolution and Development 5: 314-324.
  • Schoch RR, Frobisch NB. 2006. Metamorphosis and neoteny: alternative developmental pathways in an extinct amphibian clade. Evolution 60: 1467-1475.
  • Schoch RR, Milner AR. 2000. Stereospondyli. In: Wellnhofer P, ed. Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Vol. 3B. Munchen: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 1-203.
  • Schoch RR, Rubidge B. 2005. The amphibamid Micropholis stowii from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 502-522.
  • Schoch RR, Witzmann F. 2009a. Osteology and relationships of the temnospondyl genus Sclerocephalus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 135-168.
  • Schoch RR, Witzmann F. 2009b. The temnospondyl Glanochthon from the Lower Permian Meisenheim Formation of Germany. Special Papers in Palaeontology 81: 121- 136.
  • Seibert EA, Lillywhite HB, Wassersug RJ. 1974. Cranial co-ossification in frogs: relationship to rate of evaporite water loss. Physiological Zoology 47: 261-265.
  • Seidel MR. 1979. The osteoderms of the American Alligator and their functional significance. Herpetologica 35: 375-380.
  • Sennikov AG. 1981. A new wetlugasaur from the Samara River Basin. Paleontological Journal 15: 111-116.
  • Sequeira SEK. 1998. The cranial morphology and taxonomy of the saurerpetontid Isodectes obtusus comb. nov. (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Permian of Texas. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 122: 237- 259.
  • Sequeira SEK. 2004. The skull of Cochleosaurus bohemicus Fricˇ, a temnospondyl from the Czech Republic (Upper Carboniferous) and cochleosaurid interrelationships. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 21-43.
  • Sequeira SEK, Milner AR. 1993. The temnospondyl amphibian Capetus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. Palaeontology 36: 657-680.
  • Shishkin MA, Novikov IV, Gubin YM. 2000. Permian and Triassic temnopsondyls from Russia. In: Benton M, Shishkin MA, Unwin D, Kurochkin E, eds. The age of dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 60-70.
  • Sire JY. 1985. Fibres d'ancrage et couche limitante externe a la surface des ecailles du Cichlidae Hemichromis bimaculatus (Teleosteen, Perciforme): donnees ultrastructurales. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 13e Serie 7: 163- 180.
  • Sire JY. 1986. Ontogenic development of surface ornamentation in the scales of Hemichromis bimaculatus (Cichlidae). Journal of Fish Biology 28: 713-724.
  • Smithson TR. 1980. A new labyrinthodont amphibian from the Carboniferous of Scotland. Palaeontology 23: 915- 923.
  • Smithson TR. 1982. The cranial morphology of Greererpeton burkemorani Romer (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 76: 29-90.
  • Steen MC. 1938. On the fossil Amphibia from the gas coal of Nyrany and other deposits in Czechoslovakia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society London, Series B 108: 205-283.
  • Steyer JS. 2003. A revision of the Early Triassic 'capitosaurs' (Stegocephali, Stereospondyli) from Madagascar, with remarks on their comparative ontogeny. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 544-555.
  • Steyer JS, Laurin M, Castanet J, de Ricqles A. 2004. First histological and skeletochronological data on temnospondyl growth: palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206: 193-201.
  • Steyer JS, Damiani R, Sidor CA, O'Keefe FR, Larsson HCE, Maga A, Ide O. 2006. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger. IV. Nigerpeton ricqlesi (Temnospondyli: Cochleosauridae), and the edopoid colonization of Gondwana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26: 18-28.
  • Sumida SS, Modesto S. 2001. A Phylogenetic Perspective on Locomotory Strategies in Early Amniotes. American Zoologist 41: 586-597.
  • Trautschold H. 1884. Die Reste permischer Reptilien des Palaontologischen Kabinets der Universitat Kasan. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale Des Naturalistes de Moscou 15: 1-38.
  • Trueb L. 1966. Morphology and development of the skull in the frog Hyla septentrionalis. Copeia 1966: 562-573.
  • Trueb L. 1970. Evolutionary relationships of casque-headed tree-frogs with co-ossified skulls (family Hylidae). University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History 18: 547-716.
  • Trueb L. 1973. Bones, frogs, and evolution. In: Vial J, ed. Evolutionary biology of the anurans. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 65-132.
  • Tverdochlebova GI. 1972. New batrachosaurian genus from the Upper Permian of the southern Cis-Urals. Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal 1972: 95-103. (in Russian).
  • Vallin G, Laurin M. 2004. Cranial morphology and affinities of Microbrachis, and a reappraisal of the phylogeny and lifestyle of the first amphibians. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 56-72.
  • Van Hoepen ECN. 1915. Stegocephalia of Senekal, O. F. S. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 5: 124-149.
  • Vorobyeva EI, Schultze HP. 1991. Description and systematics of panderichthyid fishes with comments on their relationship to tetrapods. In: Schultze HP, Trueb L, eds. Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods, controversy and consensus. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, 68-109.
  • Warren AA. 2007. New data on Ossinodus pueri, a stem tetrapod from the Early Carboniferous of Australia. Journal of Paleontology 27: 850-862.
  • Warren AA, Marsicano CA. 1998. Revision of the Brachyopidae (Temnospondyli) from the Triassic of Sydney, Carnarvon and Tasmania basins, Australia. Alcheringa 22: 329-342.
  • Warren AA, Marsicano CA. 2000. A phylogeny of Brachyopoidea (Temnospondyli, Stereospondyli). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 462-483.
  • Watson DMS. 1954. On Bolosaurus and the origin and classification of reptiles. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 111: 297-449.
  • Watson DMS. 1956. The brachyopid labyrinthodonts. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 2: 317-391.
  • Webb JF, Shirey JE. 2003. Postembryonic development of the cranial lateral line canals and neuromasts in zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 228: 370-385.
  • Werneburg R. 1991. Die Branchiosaurier aus dem Unterrotliegend des Dohlener Beckens bei. Dresden. Veroffentlichungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum Schleusingen 6: 75-99.
  • Williston SW. 1909. The skull of Labidosaurus. American Journal of Anatomy 10: 69-84.
  • Witzmann F. 2004. The external gills of Palaeozoic amphibians. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 232: 375-401.
  • Witzmann F. 2005. Hyobranchial and postcranial ontogeny of the temnospondyl Onchiodon labyrinthicus from Niederhaslich (Dohlen Basin, Autunian, Saxony). Palaontologische Zeitschrift 79: 479-492.
  • Witzmann F. 2006. Cranial anatomy and ontogeny of the Permo-Carboniferous temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni from the Saar-Nahe Basin, Germany. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 96: 131- 162.
  • Witzmann F. 2007. The evolution of the scalation pattern in temnospondyl amphibians. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150: 815-834.
  • Witzmann F. In press. Comparative histology of sculptured dermal bones in basal tetrapods, and the implications for the soft tissue dermis. Palaeodiversity.
  • Witzmann F, Pfretzschner HU. 2003. Larval ontogeny of Micromelerpeton credneri (Temnospondyli, Dissorophoidea). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 750-768.
  • Witzmann F, Schoch RR. 2006. Skeletal development of the temnospondyl Acanthostomatops vorax from the Lower Permian Dohlen basin of Saxony. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 96: 365-385.
  • Witzmann F, Scholz H. 2007. Morphometric study of allometric skull growth in the temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni from the Permian/Carboniferous of Germany. Geobios 40: 541-554.
  • Witzmann F, Soler-Gijon R. 2008. The bone histology of osteoderms in temnospondyl amphibians and in the chroniosuchian Bystrowiella. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) DOI 10.1463-6395.1111/j2008.00385.x
  • Wyman J. 1858. On some remains of batrachian reptiles discovered in the coal formation of Ohio, by Dr. J. S. Newberry and C. M. Wheatley. American Journal of Science 25: 158-163.
  • Yates AM, Warren AA. 2000. The phylogeny of the 'higher' temnospondyls (Vertebrata: Choanata) and its implications for the monophyly and origins of the Stereospondyli. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128: 77-121.
  • Zhu M, Schultze HP. 2001. Interrelationship of basal osteichthyans. In: Ahlberg P, ed. Major events in vertebrate evolution. London: Taylor & Francis, 289-314.
  • Zittel KA. 1911. Grundzuge der Palaontologie (Palaozoologie). II. Abteilung. Vertebrata, Second edn. Munchen and Berlin: Verlag von R. Oldenbourg.
  • Zylberberg L, Castanet J. 1985. New data on the structure and the growth of the osteoderms in the reptile Anguis fragilis L. (Anguidae, Squamata). Journal of Morphology 186: 327-342.