Published March 20, 2014
| Version v1
Journal article
Open
Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species
Description
Peloso, Pedro L.V., Sturaro, Marcelo José, Forlani, Mauricio C., Gaucher, Philippe, Motta, Ana Paula, Wheeler, Ward C. (2014): Phylogeny, Taxonomic Revision, And Character Evolution Of The Genera Chiasmocleis And Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) In Amazonia, With Descriptions Of Three New Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (386): 1, DOI: 10.1206/834.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/834.1
Files
source.pdf
Files
(52.9 MB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:ddc160f66f72841512b0eaa6717efc6f
|
52.9 MB | Preview Download |
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFC1FFF66F728415FFB0FFA6717EFC6F
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFC1FFF66F728415FFB0FFA6717EFC6F
References
- Acosta-Galvis, A.R. 2000. Ranas, salamandras y caecilias (Tetrapodae: Amphibia) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 1: 289-319.
- Andersson, L.G. 1945. Batrachians from East Ecuador collected 1937, 1938 by Wm. Clarke- Macintyre and Rolf Blomberg (Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata). Arkiv for Zoologi 37A: 1-88.
- Andreone, F., M. Vences, D.R. Vieites, F. Glaw, and A. Meyer. 2005. Recurrent ecological adaptations revealed through a molecular analysis of the secretive cophyline frogs of Madagascar. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34: 315-322.
- Avila-Pires, T.C.S., M.S. Hoogmoed, and W.A. Rocha. 2010. Notes on the vertebrates of northern Para, Brazil: a forgotten part of the Guianan Region, I. Herpetofauna. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 5: 13-112.
- Barrio-Amoros, C.L., and W.E. Schargel. 2003. Chiasmocleis hudsoni (NCN). Herpetological Review 34: 380.
- Barros, F.B., P.L.V. Peloso, L. Vicente, H.M. Pereira, and M.J. Sturaro. 2010. The advertisement call of the narrow-mouthed frog Chiasmocleis avilapiresae Peloso and Sturaro, 2008 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Zootaxa 2657: 66-68.
- Bauer, A.M., R. Gunther, and H. Robeck. 1966. An annotated type catalogue of the hemisotid, microhylid, myobatrachid, pelobatid and pipid frogs in the Zoological Museum Berlin (Amphibia: Anura: Hemisotidae, Microhylidae, Myobatrachidae, Pelobatidae and Pipidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 72: 259-275.
- Berry, P.E., O. Huber, and B.K. Holst. 1995. Floristic analysis and phytogeography. In P.E. Berry, B.K. Holst, and K. Yatskievych (editors), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 1, Intorduction, 161-191. St Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
- Boersma, P., and D. Weenick. 2006. Praat: doing phonetics by computer. Ver. 5.3.23. Institute of Phonetic Sciences. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
- Boettger, O. 1885. Liste von reptilien und batrachiern aus Paraguay. Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaften 58: 213-248.
- Bossuyt, F., and M.C. Milinkovitch. 2000. Convergent adaptive radiations in Madagascan and Asian ranid frogs reveal covariation between larval and adult traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 6585-6590.
- Bremer, K. 1988. The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution 42: 795-803.
- Canedo, C., M. Dixo, and J.P. Pombal, Jr. 2004. A new species of Chiasmocleis Mehely¨, 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia, Brazil. Herpetologica 60: 495-501.
- Caramaschi, U., and C.A.G. Cruz. 1997. Redescription of Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger) and description of a new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae). Herpetologica 53: 259-268.
- Caramaschi, U., and C.A.G. Cruz. 2001. A new species of Chiasmocleis Mehely¨, 1904 from Brazilian Amazonia (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 469: 1-8.
- Caramaschi, U., and B.V.S. Pimenta. 2003. Duas especies de Chiasmocleis Mehely¨, 1904 da Mata Atlantica do sul da Bahia, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 61: 195-202.
- Carvalho, A.L. 1954. A preliminary synopsis of the genera of American microhylid frogs. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 555: 1-19.
- Charif, R.A., A.M. Waack, and L.M. Strickman. 2008. Raven Pro 1.3 User's manual. Online resource (http://www.life.umd.edu/faculty/wilkinson/bsci338/ Raven13UsersManual.pdf).
- Cocroft, R.B., and K. Hambler. 1989. Observations on a commensal relationship of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata and the burrowing theraphosid spider Xenesthis immanis in southeastern Peru. Biotropica 21: 2-8.
- Coloma, L.A., S. Ron, J. Icochea, K. Jungfer, and D. Cisneros-Heredia. 2004. Syncope antenori. In IUCN 2012, IUCN Red list of threatened species. Version 2012.1. Online resource (http://www.iucnredlist.org).
- Cruz, C.A.G., U. Caramaschi, and E. Izecksohn. 1997. The genus Chiasmocleis Mehely, 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil, with description of three new species. Alytes 15: 49-71.
- Cruz, C.A.G., U. Caramaschi, and E.M.X. Freire. 1999. Occurrence of the genus Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) in the state of Alagoas, north-eastern Brazil, with a description of a new species. Journal of Zoology (London): 123-126.
- Cruz, C.A.G., U. Caramaschi, and M.F. Napoli. 2007a. A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Atlantic rain forest of northeastern Bahia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 2: 47-52.
- Cruz, C.A.G., R.N. Feio, and C.S. Cassini. 2007b. Nova especie de Chiasmocleis Mehely, 1904 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) da Serra da Mantiqueira, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 65: 33-38.
- De la Riva, I. 1995. Geographic distribution: Chiasmocleis ventrimaculata. Herpetological Review 26: 104.
- De la Riva, I., R. Marquez, and J. Bosch. 1996. Advertisement calls of four microhylid frogs from Bolivia (Amphibia, Anura). American Midland Naturalist 136: 418-422.
- de Sa, R.O., et al. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) with emphasis on relationships among New World genera. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 1-21.
- Donnelly, M.A., R.O. de Sa, and C. Guyer. 1990. Description of the tadpoles of Gastrophryne pictiventris and Nelsonophryne aterrima (Anura: Microhylidae), with a review of morphological variation in free-swimming microhylid larvae. American Museum Novitates 2976: 1-19.
- Donovan, T.W. 2003. Suriname-Guyana maritime and territorial disputes: a legal and historical analysis. Journal of Transitional Law and Policy 13: 41-99.
- Duellman, W.E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Miscellaneous Publication of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 65: 1-352.
- Duellman, W.E., and J.R. Menselson, III. 1995. Amphibians and reptiles from northern Departamento Loreto, Peru: taxonomy and biogeography. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55: 329-376.
- Dunn, E.R. 1949. Notes on South American frogs of the family Microhylidae. American Museum Novitates 1419: 1-21.
- Edgar, R.C. 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792-1797.
- Faivovich, J., et al. 2005. Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 294: 1-240.
- Folmer, O., M. Black, W. Hoeh, R. Lutz, and R. Vrijenhoek. 1994. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3: 294-299.
- Forlani, M.C., P.H. Valdujo, D. Pavan, A.O. Maciel, and P.L.V. Peloso. 2011. Review of the geographical distribution of the white-spotted frog Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger, 1885) (Anura, Microhylidae). Biota Neotropica 11: 415-419.
- Fouquet, A., et al. 2007. Underestimation of species richness in Neotropical frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. Plos One 2: e1109. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001109].
- Frost, D.R. 1985. Amphibian species of the world, a taxonomic and geographical reference. Lawrence, KS: Association of Systematics Collections.
- Frost, D.R., and D.M. Hillis. 1990. Species concepts and practice: herpetological applications. Herpetologica 46: 259-294.
- Frost, D.R., and A.G. Kluge. 1994. A consideration of epistemology in systematic biology, with special reference to species. Cladistics 10: 259-294.
- Frost, D.R., H.M. Crafts, L. Fitzgerald, and T.A. Titus. 1998. Geographic variation, species recognition, and molecular evolution of cytochrome oxidase I in the Tropidurus spinulosus complex (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Copeia 1998: 839-851.
- Frost, D.R., et al. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370.
- Funk, W.C., and D.C. Cannatella. 2009. A new, large species of Chiasmocleis Mehely 1 904 (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru. Zootaxa 2247: 37-50.
- Goebel, A.M., J.M. Donnelly, and M.E. Atz. 1999. PCR primers and amplification methods for 12S ribosomal DNA, the control region, cytochrome oxidase 1, and cytochrome b in bufonids and other frogs, and an overview of PCR primers which have amplified DNA in amphibians successfully. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 11: 163-199.
- Goloboff, P.A. 1999. Analysing large datasets in reasonable times: solutions for composite optima. Cladistics 15: 415-428.
- Gomez-Mestre, I., R.A. Pyron, and J.J. Wiens. 2012. Phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected patterns in the evolution of reproductive modes in frogs. Evolution 66: 3687-3700.
- Goodman, M., C.B. Olson, J.E. Beeber, and J. Czelusniak. 1982. New perspectives in the molecular biological analysis of mammalian phylogeny. Acta Zoologica Fennica 169: 19-35.
- Goulding, M., R.B. Barthem, and E.J.G. Ferreira. 2003. The Smithsonian atlas of the Amazon. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
- Grant, T. 2002. Testing methods: the evaluation of discovery operations in evolutionary biology. Cladistics 18: 94-111.
- Grant, T., et al. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 299: 1-262.
- Grant, T., and A.G. Kluge. 2008a. Clade support measures and their adequacy. Cladistics 24: 1051-1064.
- Grant, T., and A.G. Kluge. 2008b. Credit where credit is due: the Goodman-Bremer support metric. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 405-406.
- Grant, T., and A.G. Kluge. 2009. Parsimony, explanatory power, and dynamic homology testing. Systematics and Biodiversity 7: 357-363.
- Haas, A. 2003. Phylogeny of frogs as inferred from primarily larval characters (Amphibia: Anura). Cladistics 19: 23-89.
- Haddad, C.F.B., and W. Hodl. 1997. New reproductive mode in anurans: bubble nest in Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Microhylidae). Copeia 1997: 585-588.
- Hartmann, M.T., P.A. Hartmann, and C.F.B. Haddad. 2002. Advertisement calls of Chiasmocleis carvalhoi, Chiasmocleis mehelyi, and Myersiella microps (Microhylidae). Journal of Herpetology 36: 509-511.
- Hero, J.M. 1990. An illustrated key to tadpoles occurring in central Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Amazoniana 11: 201-262.
- Icochea, J., C. Azevedo-Ramos, L.A. Coloma, and S.R. Ron. 2004. Chiasmocleis bassleri. In IUCN 2012, IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.1. Online resource (http://www. iucnredlist.org).
- ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
- IUCN. 2012. The IUCN red list of threatened species: amphibians. Online database, version 2012.1 (http://www.iucnredlist.org/amphibians).
- Izecksohn, E., J. Jim, J.S.T. Albuquerque, and W.F. Mendonca. 1971. Observacoes sobre o desenvolvimento e os habitos de Myersiella subnigra (Miranda-Ribeiro). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 54: 69-72.
- Jansen, M., R. Bloch, A. Schulze, and M. Pfenninger. 2011. Integrative inventory of Bolivia's lowland anurans reveals hidden diversity. Zoologica Scripta 40: 567-583.
- Kluge, A., and T. Grant. 2006. From conviction to anti-superfluity: old and new justifications of parsimony in phylogenetic inference. Cladistics 22: 276-288.
- Kok, P.J.R., and M. Kalamandeen. 2008. Introduction to the taxonomy of the amphibians of Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Brussels: ABCTaxa, 288 pp.
- Kraus, F., and A. Allison. 2009. A remarkable ontogenetic change in color pattern in a new species of Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea. Copeia 2009: 690-697.
- Krugel, P., and S. Richter. 1995. Syncope antenori-a bromeliad breeding frog with freeswimming, nonfeeding tadpoles (Anura, Microhylidae). Copeia 1995: 955-963.
- Kurabayashi, A., et al. 2011. From Antarctica or Asia? New colonization scenario for Australian-New Guinean narrow mouth toads suggested from the findings on a mysterious genus Gastrophrynoides. BMC biology 11: 175.
- Lehr, E., and L. Trueb. 2007. Diversity among New World microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Guunther 1901) and a new genus from Peru. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149: 585-609.
- Lescure, J., and C. Marty. 2000. Atlas des amphibians de Guyane. Patrimoines Naturels 45: 1-388.
- Lima, A.P., et al. 2005. Guide to the frogs to Reserva Adolpho Ducke, central Amazonia. Manaus, Brazil: Atemma.
- Maddison, W.P., and D.R. Maddison. 2007. Mesquite: a popular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.0. Online resource (http:// mesquiteproject.org).
- McDiarmid, R.W., and R. Altig. 1999. Body plan, development and morphology. In R.W. McDiarmid, and R. Altig (editors), Tadpoles: the biology of anuran larvae. 24-51. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Mehely, L.V. 1904. Investigations on Paraguayan batrachians. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici/Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum evkonyve 2: 207-232.
- Menin, M., D.J. Rodrigues, and A.P. Lima. 2007. Clutches, tadpoles and advertisement calls of Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi and S. cf. salseri in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Journal 17: 86-91.
- Menin, M., L. Sousa-e-Sousa, and D.J. Rodrigues. 2011. Tadpole and breeding habitats of Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 6: 223-228.
- Miranda-Ribeiro, A. 1920. Os engystomatideos do Museu Paulista (com um genero e tres especies novos). Revista do Museu Paulista 12: 281-288.
- Morales, V.R., and R.W. McDiarmid. 1996. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Pakitza, Manu National Park Reserve Zone, with comments on the herpetofauna of Madre de Dios, Peru. In D.E. Wilson, and A. Sandoval (editors), Manu: the biodiversity of southeastern Peru: 503-522. Washington D.C.: Editorial Horizonte.
- Morales, V.R., and R.W. McDiarmid. 2009. A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from southern Amazonian Peru with comments on some other michrohylids. Biotempo 9: 71-76.
- Moravec, J., and J. Kohler. 2007. A new species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru, with possible direct development. Zootaxa 1605: 59-67.
- Murrieta, R.S.S. 1998. O dilema do papa-chibe´: consumo alimentar, nutricao e praticas de intervencao na Ilha de Ituqui, baixo Amazonas, Para. Revista de Antropologia 41: 97-150.
- Murrieta, R.S.S., M.S. Bakri, C. Adams, P.S.S. Oliveira, and R. Strumpf. 2008. Food intake and ecology of riverine populations in two Amazonian ecosystems: a comparative analysis. Revista de Nutricao 21: 123-133.
- Myers, C.W., and W.E. Duellman. 1982. A new species of Hyla from Cerro Colorado, and other tree frog records and geographical notes from western Panama. American Museum Novitates 2752: 1-32.
- Nascimento, F.A.C., and G.O. Skuk. 2006. O girino de Chiasmocleis alagoanus Cruz, Caramaschi and Freire, 1999 (Anura: Microhylidae). Biota Neotropica 6: 1-5.
- Nelson, C.E. 1972. Systematic studies of the North American microhylid genus Gastrophryne. Journal of Herpetology 6: 111-137.
- Nelson, C.E. 1973. Mating calls of the Microhylinae: descriptions and phylogenetic and ecological considerations. Herpetologica 29: 163-176.
- Nelson, C.E. 1975. Another new miniature 4-toed South American microhylid frog (genus: Syncope). Journal of Herpetology 9: 81-84.
- Nixon, K.C. 1999. The Parsimony Ratchet, a new method for rapid parsimony analysis. Cladistics 15: 407-414.
- Oliveira-Filho, J., and A.A. Giaretta. 2006. Tadpole and advertisement call of Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Anura, Microhylidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 1353: 63-68.
- Ortega-Andrade, H.M., and J.H. Valencia. 2010. First country records of Pristimantis luscombei (Duellman and Mendelson) and Syncope tridactyla (Duellman and Mendelson) in eastern lowlands of Ecuador (Amphibia: Anura: Strabomantidae, Microhylidae). Herpetology Notes 3: 251-256.
- Orton, G.L. 1953. The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology 2: 63-75.
- Padial, J.M., A. Miralles, and I. De la Riva. 2010. The integrative future of taxonomy. Frontiers in Zoology 7: 1-15.
- Padial, J.M., et al. 2012. A revision of species diversity in the Neotropical genus Oreobates (Anura: Strabomantidae), with the description of three new species from the Amazonian slopes of the andes. American Museum Novitates 3752: 1-55.
- Palumbi, S.R., et al. 1991. The simple fool's guide to PCR, version 2.0. Honolulu: privately published.
- Parker, H.W. 1927. The brevicipitid frogs allied to the genus Hypopachus. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 187: 1-6.
- Parker, H.W. 1940. Undescribed anatomical structures and new species of reptiles and amphibians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 257-274.
- Payntner, R.A. 1993. Ornithological gazetteer of Ecuador. Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
- Peloso, P.L.V., and M.J. Sturaro. 2008. A new species of narrow-mouthed frog of the genus Chiasmocleis Mehely 1904 (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Amazonian rainforest of Brazil. Zootaxa 1947: 39-52.
- Peloso, P.L.V., R.W. McDiarmid, and U. Caramaschi. 2013. The gender of ''cleis'': correct spelling of Chiasmocleis supercilialbus Morales and McDiarmid, 2009, and Elachistocleis magnus Toledo, 2010 (Anura, Microhylidae). Zootaxa 3718: 297-298.
- Platt, A.R., R.W. Woodhall, and A.L. George, Jr. 2007. Improved DNA sequencing quality and efficiency using an optimized fast cycle sequencing protocol. BioTechniques 43: 58-62.
- Pyron, R.A., and J.J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61: 543-583.
- Rodrigues, D.J., M. Menin, A.P. Lima, and K.S. Mokross. 2008. Tadpole and vocalizations of Chiasmocleis hudsoni (Anura, Microhylidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Zootaxa 1680: 55-58.
- Rodrigues, D.J., J.C. Noronha, M.M. Lima, and A.C. Rosa. 2011. Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Chiasmocleis avilapiresae Peloso and Sturaro, 2008 and Chiasmocleis bassleri Dunn, 1949: new distribution records. Check List 7: 846-848.
- Rodrigues, M.T., R. Reynolds, and C.L. Barrio- Amoros. 2004a. Chiasmocleis hudsoni. In IUCN 2012, IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.1. Online resource (http://www. iucnredlist.org).
- Rodrigues, M.T., R. Reynolds, and C. Gascon. 2004b. Chiasmocleis shudikarensis. In IUCN 2012, IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.1. Online resource (http://www. iucnredlist.org).
- Rodriguez, L.O., and W.E. Duellman. 1994. Guide to the frogs of the Iquitos region, Amazonian Peru. Lawrence, KS: Asociacion de Ecologia y Conservacion, Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research, and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas.
- Ron, S.R., L.A. Coloma, J.M. Guayasamin, and M.H. Yanez-Munoz. 2014. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2014.0. Online resource (http:// zoologia.puce.edu.ec/Vertebrados/anfibios/Anfi biosEcuador). Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador.
- Rull, V. 2005. Biotic diversification in the Guayana Highlands: a proposal. Journal of Biogeography 32: 921-927.
- Santana, D.J., A.C. Sant'Anna, V.A. Sao-Pedro, and R.N. Feio. 2009. The advertisement call of Chiasmocleis bassleri (Anura, Microhylidae) from southern Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 4: 225-228.
- Santana, D.J., A.P. Motta, R.M. Pirani, E.T. Silva, and R.N. Feio. 2012. Advertisement call and tadpole of Chiasmocleis mantiqueira Cruz, Feio and Cassini, 2007 (Anura, Microhylidae). Journal of Herpetology 46: 14-18.
- Savage, J.M., and W.R. Heyer. 1967. Variation and distribution in the treefrog genus Phyllomedusa in Costa Rica, Central America. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna 5: 111-131.
- Schluter, A. 2005. Amphibien an eimen stillgewasser in Peru. Frankfurt, Germany: Edition Chimaira.
- Schluter, A., and A.W. Salas. 1991. Reproduction, tadpoles, and ecological aspects of three syntopic microhylid species from Peru (Amphibia: Microhylidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 458: 1-17.
- Silva, H.R., and D.L. Meinhardt. 1999. The generic status of Adelophryne tridactyla: osteology, synonymy, and comments on the genus Syncope. Journal of Herpetology 33: 159-164.
- Sobral, R.M. 2005. Dicionario Papachibe´-a lingua paraense. Belem, Para: Brazil: Prefeitura Municipal de Belem.
- Stejneger, L. 1910. The amphibian generic name Engystoma untenable. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 23: 165-168.
- Tamura, and K., et al. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2731-2739.
- Tonini, J.F.R., L.P. Costa, and A.C. Carnaval. 2013. Phylogeographic structure is strong in the Atlantic Forest; predictive power of correlative paleodistribution models, not always. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 51: 114-121.
- Trueb, L., R. Diaz, and D.C. Blackburn. 2011. Osteology and condrocranial morphology of Gastrophryne carolinensis (Anura: Microhylidae), with a review of the osteological diversity of New World microhylids. Phyllomedusa 10: 99-135.
- van der Meijden, A., M. Vences, S. Hoegg, R. Boistel, A. Channing, and A. Meyer. 2007. Nuclear gene phylogeny of narrow-mouthed toads (Family: Microhylidae) and a discussion of competing hypotheses concerning their biogeographical origins. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 1017-1030.
- Von May, R., et al. 2009. Species diversity and conservation status of amphibians in Madre de Dios, Southern Peru. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4: 14-29.
- Varon, A., and W.C. Wheeler. 2012. The tree alignment problem. BMC Bioinformatics 13: 293.
- Varon, A., N. Lucaroni, L. Hong, and W.C. Wheeler. 2013. POY 5.0 beta (alpha 2011). American Museum of Natural History. Online resource (http://research.amnh.org/scicomp/projects/poy. php).
- Walker, C.F. 1973. A new genus and species of microhylid frog from Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 20: 1-7.
- Walker, C.F., and W.E. Duellman. 1974. Description of a new species of microhylid frog, Chiasmocleis, from Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 26: 1-6.
- Wheeler, W., et al. 2006. Dynamic homology and phylogenetic systematics: a unified approach using POY. New York: American Museum of Natural History.
- Wheeler, W.C. 1996. Optimization alignment: the end of multiple sequence alignment in phylogenetics? Cladistics 12: 1-9.
- Wheeler, W.C. 2003. Iterative pass optimization of sequence data. Cladistics 19: 254-260.
- Wheeler, W.C. 2010. Distinctions between optimal and expected support. Cladistics 26: 657-663.
- Wild, E.R. 1995. New genus and species of Amazonian microhylid frog with a phylogenetic analysis of New World genera. Copeia 1994: 837-984.
- Wogel, H., P.A. Abrunhosa, and G.M. Prado. 2004. Tadpole of Chiasmocleis carvalhoi and advertisement calls of three rainforest species of Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae). Phyllomedusa 3: 133-140.
- Zimkus, B.M., L. Lawson, S.P. Loader, and J. Hanken. 2012. Terrestrialization, miniaturization and rates of diversification in African puddle frogs (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae). Plos One 7: e35118. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0035118]
- Zimmerman, B.L., and J.P. Bogart. 1988. Ecology and calls of four species of Amazonian forest frogs. Journal of Herpetology 22: 97-108.
- Zweifel, R.G. 1972. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 97. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryninae family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 148 (3): 411-546.
- Zweifel, R.G. 1986. A new genus and species of microhylid frog from the Cerro de la Neblina region of Venezuela and a discussion of relationships among New World microhylid genera. American Museum Novitates 2863: 1-24.
- Zweifel, R.G., and C.W. Myers. 1989. A new frog of the genus Ctenophryne (Microhylidae) from the Pacific lowlands of northwestern South America. American Museum Novitates 2947: 1-16.