FIGURE 4. A synonymy is represented as a three-branch relation using a solid black line to the left of the names. The two names the authority considered related are linked to the name the authority considered valid, indicated by a black box, which is followed, at the end of the line, by the name of the authority and the bibliographic citation to the source of the information. The relation shown here should be read: Carlgren (1928) considered Dimyactis duplicata Pax, 1922, to be a junior synonym of Edwardsia kerguelensis Studer, 1879, under the new combination Halianthella kerguelensis (Stud.).