Tshe ring mtsho's (b. 1920) Flight from Mgo log (Guoluo) in the 1930s

Tshe ring mtsho was born in the modern-day Mgo log (Guoluo) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China in 1920. Ma Qi (1869-1931) and Ma Lin2 (1873-1945), members of a prominent Muslim Ma family in northwest China, exercised violent control over the inhabitants. They destroyed numerous Buddhist monasteries and carried out seven genocidal expeditions into the Mgo log region, killing thousands of Tibetans (Uradyn:2002). I, Pad ma don grub (1994), from Zho 'ong (Shuangpeng) Village Reb gong (Tongren) County, Rma lho (Huangnan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Mtsho sngon (Qinghai) Province, PR China, interviewed Tshe ring mtsho in the summer holidays of 2015 and 2017 in Zho 'ong Village. I did not record the conversation, nor did I take photos and notes because I did not want to upset Tshe ring mtsho. Once I was back home, I immediately wrote out what she had told me. Tshe ring mtsho was reluctant to mention people who had passed away the first time we spoke, but she told me more after visiting her three times in 2017.