Figure 4. Climbing behaviour of the tadpoles of L. palavanensis. (a) The male stimulates hatching by touching the eggs with its chin and fingers. (b) The male positions himself on top of the eggs and twitches his abdomen and fingers. (c) He steps on the eggs, breaking the egg capsule and separating them. (d) The first tadpole starts climbing (indicated by the arrow). The male sits on top of the now free tadpoles and waits for them to climb. (e) The male starts to turn around while the tadpoles wriggle onto his back. After every turn he remains still for a few seconds while the tadpoles climb. (f) The tadpoles move around and rearrange themselves while the last tadpole makes it to the top.