(Figs 1–5, 24, 25, 32)

Lyclene palmata Moore, 1878, Proceedings of the general meetings for scientific business of the Zoological Society of London, 1878: 31, pl. 3, fig. 5 (Type locality (determined herein, see remarks below): [Northern India, Himachal Pradesh] “ Dharmsala N.W. Himalaya ”).

Type material examined. Lectotype (hereby designated) (Fig. 1): female, “ Dharmsala N.W. Himalaya ♀ ” (upper side) | “ Lyclene palmata type Moore ” (under side) / red ring “ Type ” label / “Moore Coll. 94-106” / “Photographed for Taiwan Macrolepidoptera Type Specimen & Literature Digital Archive Project by SH Yen”, QR-code label with an NHMUK unique number: 010606139 (NHMUK).

Additional material examined. PAKISTAN: 1 male, 2 females, Margalla Hills, 600m, 20 km N Islamabad, Pir Sohawa, 33°50´N 72°55´E, 29–31.VII.1994, leg. B. Herczig, Gy. M. László & G. Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); 2 males, Margalla Hills, Pir Sohawa, 1000m, 33°49´N 73°08´E, 25.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, the same locality, but 21.VIII.1997, leg. Gy. Fábián & G. Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); 4 males, Kohistan, Swat Prov., 35°10´N 72°32´E, Miandam, 1800m, 25. VI.–5.VII.1992, leg. Z. Weidenhoffer (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Himalaya Mts, Kashmir, Nara, 20 km S Muzaffarabad, 750m, 34°4´N 73°29’E, 12.IX.1997, leg. Gy. Fábián & G. Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, NW-Frontier, 15 km SW of Murree, 790m, 3.VIII.1998, leg. Tibor Csővari & László Mikus (MWM / ZSM); 4 males, NW Pakistan, Prov. Swat, 35°70´N 71°90´E, Madyan, 1400m, 19. VI.–4.VII.1971, leg. Vartian, gen. prep. No.: MWM 31399 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); NEPAL:

4 males, 1 female, Milke Danda, Nesum, 1500 m, 21.VIII.2000, leg. Csővari & Hreblay, gen. prep. No.: MWM 31395 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Milke Danda, Gursa, 2100 m, 22.VIII.2000, leg. Csővari & Hreblay (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Tanahoun distr., Baisakhe Ghat, 10 km W Duleguunda, 630 m, 10.X.1994, leg. Csorba & Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Syangja district, 14 km E Syangja, 1150m, 25.VII.1995, No. 109, leg. Csorba (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Nepal, Tanahoun distr., Bimalnager village, 530 m, 12.X.1994, leg. Csorba & Ronkay (MWM / ZSM); INDIA: 2 males, Indes orient., Trichinopoly, R. P.J. Castets, QR-code label with unique number NHMUK010606141, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010313558 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 female, Kangra (Hocking), 83-26, QR-code label with unique number NHMUK010606140, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK010313559 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 female, Travancore (NHMUK); 1 female, Assam, 5000 ft., Shillong, 12.X.1924, Fletcher coll. (NHMUK); 1 male, Assam, Pan Bari Reserve Forest, 27°08’N, 94°00’E, 4–7.VII.1997, leg. Sinyaev & Murzin (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, Assam, Kaziranga Wild Life, Pan Bari Reserve Forest, 26°45’N, 93°10’E, 100 m, 12–21.XI.1997, leg. V. Sinyaev & M. Murzin (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Assam, Nameri Nat. Park, 40 km N Tezpur, 150 m, 27°20’N, 93°15’E, 24.VII–2.VIII.1997, leg. Sinyaev & Murzin, gen. prep. No.; MWM 31473 (prepared by Volynkin) (MWM / ZSM); MYANMAR: 2 males, 21 km E Putao Nan Sa Bon village 550 m, 1–5. V.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinyaev (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 25 km E Putao, env. Nan Sa Bon village, 800 m, 6–9. V.1998, leg. Murzin & Sinyaev (MWM / ZSM); CHINA: 1 male, Pailong Village, Linzhi County, Linzhi Division, Xizang Autonomous Region, P. R. China, 2130 m, 30.VII.2017, leg. Si-yao Huang, Shu-qin Ji, Fu-hong Wei and Shi-fang Mo (SCAU); 1 male, Baihualing, Mt. Gaoligong, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, P. R. China, 1400 m, 26. VI. 2018, leg. Tiantian Yu, Zhou Chang & Zhi-wei Dong (SCAU); THAILAND: 1 female, Chiang Rai, 1090m, road 1200, 19°18´39´´N 99°21´47´´E, 28. V.2011, leg. K. Černý (CKC); 2 males, 1 female, Tak [Prov.], Doi Mussoe, 821m, 16°45.317´N 98°55.438´E, 11–12.XI.2010, leg. K. Černý, gen. prep. Nos.: AV2879 (male), AV2880 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (CKC); VIETNAM: 1 female, Muong-Khuong, Prov. Laokay, Upper Tonkin, 900–1000m (NHMUK); 1 male, 2 females, Mt. Fan-si-pan, Cha pa, 1700 m NN (22°15´N 103°46´E) VI.1994, leg. Sinyaev & nat. coll. (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1600 m, Mt. Fan-si-pan (North), Cha-pa, primary forest, 22°17´N, 103°44´E, 25–30.III.1995, leg. V. Sinyaev & A. Schintlmeister (Coll. MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 900m, Tam Dao, VI. 1986, 75 km N Hanoi, lg. J. Razowski (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, 1 female, 1200m, Tuan-Giao (Road Lai chou to Hanoi) (21°35´N 103°25’E), 5–10.XI.1994, secondary vegetation, leg. Sinyaev (MWM / ZSM); 1 female, Yen Bai-An-chi, 21°42´N 104°18´E, primary forest, V.1996, coll. Schintlmeister (MWM / ZSM); 1 male, Bao Loc (sec. forest), Rung Cat Tien, 1500 m (11°32´N 107°48´E), 10–20.XII.1992, leg. Sinyaev & Simonov (MWM / ZSM).

Remarks. 1. In the original description, Moore (1878) cited the type locality as “N.E. Bengal”, whereas the only specimen labeled as “Type” and housed in NHMUK has the label “Dharmsala N.W. Himalaya”. However, the underside of this geographic label is the type label definitely handwritten by Moore (“ Lyclene palmata type Moore”), and the specimen has the forewing pattern very similar to that of the moth on the original painting (Moore 1878: pl. 3, fig. 5). For this reason we consider the specimen as a true type. ICZN (1999) does not prescribe how to proceed in such cases therefore we can only make an assumption that Moore made a mistake in the original description. 2. Moore (1878) described only a female of the species but did not mention the number of specimens what makes an existence of female syntypes probable. In order to stabilize the nomenclature and avoid a probable confusion with S. inanis also distributed in the Himalayas, we hereby designate the specimen labeled as ‘Type’ and housed in NHMUK as lectotype. Following the article 76.2 of ICZN (1999), we hereby determine the type locality of the species as “Dharmsala, N.W. Himalaya” in accordance with the lectotype’s label.

Diagnosis. The forewing length is 13–14 mm in males and 14–16 mm in females. The species is very similar to S. hainanensis but can be distinguished by its somewhat deeper yellow postmedial and subterminal areas with slightly wider longitudinal black streaks. In the male genitalia of S. palmata, the subbasal section of the valva is slightly wider, the medial section is wider, the tip of the valva is wider and more rounded than in S. hainanensis, and the distal saccular process is thicker (the thickest in the species-group). The vesica of S. palmata is conspicuously narrower than in S. hainanensis and bears a smaller subbasal cluster of cornuti. The female genitalia of S. palmata differ from those of S. hainanensis by the markedly less elongate ductus bursae and the narrower corpus bursae.

Distribution. The species is known from North and Northeast India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya) (Moore 1878; Smetacek 2008; Kirti & Singh 2015), Nepal (Kishida 1995), North Myanmar (Kachin State), China (Xizang and Yunnan Provinces), North and West Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Tak and Uthai Thani Provinces) (Černý & Pinratana 2009, as S. hainanensis), North Laos (Kishida 2020, as S. hainanensis) and Vietnam. The records for the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang (Daniel 1951) and Guangdong (Kishida 2011; Dubatolov et al. 2012) belong to S. danieli. The specimen without label data illustrated by Fang (2000: pl. I, fig. 5) as S. palmata also belongs to S. danieli but, however, records for different provinces of China (Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xizang) published in the monograph require clarification.