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An integrative approach to the taxonomy of the crown-of-thorns starfish species group (Asteroidea: Acanthaster): A review of names and comparison to recent molecular data

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  • 1. SNSB - Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany. E-mail: haszprunar@snsb.de Dept. Biology II and GeoBio-Center of LMU Munich, Germany

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Haszprunar, Gerhard, Spies, Martin (2014): An integrative approach to the taxonomy of the crown-of-thorns starfish species group (Asteroidea: Acanthaster): A review of names and comparison to recent molecular data. Zootaxa 3841 (2): 271-284, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.2.6

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Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.4928390 (DOI)

References

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  • Bahrom, N.A., Sirajudeen, K.N.S., Yip, G.W., Latiff, A.A. & Ghazali, F.C. (2012) Sulfated glycosaminoglycans from crownof-thorns Acanthaster planci-extraction and quantification analysis. Food Science & Nutrition, 1 (1), 83-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.10
  • Baird, A.H., Pratchett, M.S., Hoey, A.S., Herdiana, Y. & Campbell, S.J. (2013) Acanthaster planci is a major cause of coral mortality in Indonesia. Coral Reefs, 32 (3), 803-812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-013-1025-1
  • Benzie, J.A.H. (1999) Major genetic differences between crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) populations in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Evolution, 53 (6), 1782-1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2640440
  • Benzie, J.A.H. (2000) The detection of spatial variation in widespread marine species: methods and bias in the analysis of population structure in the crown of thorns starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Hydrobiologia, 420, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003943011631
  • Bianchi, G.-see Plancus, J. (1744)
  • Birkeland, C. & Lucas, J.S. (1990) Acanthaster planci: Major Management Problem of Coral Reefs. CRC Press, United States, 267 pp. Available from: http://books.google.de/books?id=Z57rozbkLTAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_ summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed 4 July 2014) [Many pages are not shown, but the taxonomic part on pages 13-19 is available]
  • Blake, D.J. (1979) The affinities and origins of the crown-of-thorns sea star Acanthaster Gervais. Journal of Natural History, 13 (3), 303-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937900770241
  • Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1827) Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Vers, Coquilles, Mollusques et Polypiers. Tome premier. Paris, Agasse, viii (8) + 180 pp., pls. 1-95. [This is vol. 1 in a 3-volume re-edition (with modified title and content) of an earlier series edited by Bruguiere (3 parts) and later Lamarck (2 parts) from 1791 to 1798. Page "( 140 )"-the brackets are critical-in Bory (1827) has the earliest known captions to "Tableau" plates 107A-107C on Asterias echinites (see Bruguiere 1797). These plates were reproduced in vol. 2 ("Tome second") of Bory (1827).]
  • Bruguiere, J.-G. (1797) Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Dix-neuvieme Partie. Vers Testacees, a Coquilles Bivalves. Paris, Agasse, [2] pp., pls. 93-286. [According to Evenhuis & Petit (2003: 3), plates 96-289[sic!] were published in 1792 in another part of the same "Tableau" series (see the remarks on Bory 1827 above). We have seen copies of the relevant plates ("107A", "107B" and "107C") only behind title pages dated 1797, but cannot rule out errors in the digital versions or accompanying data. However, as the plates do not carry taxon names, the precise year of their publication is irrelevant to nomenclature. Plates "107A" to "107C" in Bruguiere (1797) are reproductions of plates 61, 60 (in this order!) and 62 in Watt (1786), with new text added above and below the figures. For captions corresponding to the plates in Bruguiere (1797), see Bory (1827). See also Lamarck (1816).]
  • Caso, M.E. (1962) Estudios sobre Asteridos de Mexico. Observaciones sobre especies pacificas del genero Acanthaster y descripcion de una subespecie nueva, Acanthaster ellisii pseudoplanci. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 32 (1-2), 313-331. ["1961"]
  • Caso, M.E. (1970) Morfologia externa de Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus). Anales de1 Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Ciencias de1 Mar y Limnologia, 41 (1), 63-78.
  • Caso, M.E. (1972) El genero Acanthaster. Su biologia, ecologia y su efecto destructor de los arrecifes. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 33, 51-83.
  • Caso M.E. (1974) Morfologia externa de Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus). Symposium on Indian Ocean and Adjacent Seas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 16 (1), 83-93.
  • Clark, A.M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea-Part 2: Valvatida. In: Jangoux, M. & Lawrence, J.M. (Eds.), Echinoderm Studies. Vol. 4. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 187-366.
  • Columna, F.-see Plancus, J. (1744)
  • De'ath, G., Fabricius, K.E., Sweatman, H. & Puotinen, M. (2012) The 27-year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., 109 (44), 17995-17999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1208909109
  • Doderlein, L. (1888) Echinodermen von Ceylon. Bericht uber die von den Herren D res SARASIN gesammelten Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea und Echinoidea. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 3, 821-846, pls. 31-33. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/zoologischejahrb03jena#page/820/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Ellis, J. & Solander, D.-see Watt (1786)
  • Evenhuis, N.L. & Petit, R.E. (2003) Corrections and additions to the dating of the "Histoire Naturelle des Vers" and the Tableau Encyclopedie[sic!] (Vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers) portions of the Encyclopedie Methodique. Zootaxa, 207, 1-4.
  • Fisher, W.K. (1917) New starfishes from the Philippines and Celebes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30, 89-93. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofbio30biol#page/88/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Fisher, W.K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (3), xii (12) + 712 pp., 156 pls. Available from: http://archive.org/stream/bulletinunitedst10031919unit#page/n5/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Gervais, P. (1841) Asterie. In: "Plusieurs professeurs du Jardin du Roi" (Eds.), (1840-1841) Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles dans lequel on traite methodiquement des differents etres de la nature, ...; suivi d'une biographie des plus celebres naturalistes. Supplement. Tome I. Ch. Pitoit, Paris, pp. 461-481. Available from: https://play.google.com/store/ books/details?id=xJQ5AAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-xJQ5AAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 (Accessed 22 Jul. 2014) [This work is not part of the 61-volume dictionary series (1816-1845) with practically identical title. Instead, it represents the only volume ever published of a separate series intended to supplement the former. "Supplement Tome I" was published in two separately issued "livraisons". The first of these instalments covered dictionary terms starting with the letters A-ANT; the earliest known date of its existence as a publication is 24 October 1840; see Bibliographie de la France 29, Journal General 43: 579. For the second part, covering letters APH-AYE, the earliest known date is 22 May 1841; see Bibliographie de la France 30, Feuilleton du Journal de la Librairie 21: 3.] [There are reports of the name Acanthaster from "Annee" 8 (1841) of the serial "L'Echo du Monde Savant", but we have been unable to see this volume. However, as the journal reviewed references to scientific works published elsewhere, any mention in it of Acanthaster Gervais is expected to have followed rather than preceded Gervais' 1841 "Asterie" article in the dictionary supplement.]
  • Gesner, J. [also cited as Gessner] (1758) Tractatus physicus de petrificatis in duas partes distinctus, quarum prior agit de petrificatorum differentiis & eorum varia origine; altera vero de petrificatorum variis originibus, praecipuarumque telluris mutationum testibus. Lugduni Batavorum, T. Haak, 136 pp. Available from: http://books.google.de/books/about/ Tractatus_physicus_de_petrificatis.html?id=3vYTAAAAQAAJ&redir_esc=y (accessed 4 July 2014) [Requires registration with 'Google books']
  • Gray, J.E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linn.). The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (36), 175-184 & 6 (37), 275-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03745484009443296 [As stated in a footer line on the respective first page of each journal issue ("number"), the first part of Gray's paper was published in number XXXVI (36; beginning on journal p. 161) on 1 November 1840, the second part, which includes the treatment of Echinaster Gray, in number XXXVII (37; beginning on p. 241) on 1 December 1840.]
  • Harnack, A. (1900) Geschichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Erster Band-Zweite Halfte. Vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Gegenwart. Berlin, Reichsdruckerei, pp. 493-1091. Available from: http:// bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige?band=ak-gesch/harn-1-2 (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Houk, P. & Raubani, J. (2011) Acanthaster planci outbreaks in Vanuatu coincide with ocean productivity, furthering trends throughout the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Oceanography, 66 (3), 435-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-010-0038-4
  • International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50608
  • Jangoux, M. & Aziz, A. (1984) Les asterides (Echinodermes) du centre-ouest de l'ocean Indien (Seychelles, Maldives et iles Mineures). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 4e serie. Section A, Zoologie, biologie, et ecologie animales, 6 (4), 857-884. Available from: http://bionames.org/bionames-archive/issn/0181-0626/6/857.pdf (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Presentant les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ce[sic!] Animaux, ...:. Tome second. Paris, Verdiere, 568 pp. [On pp. 559: Redescription of Asterias echinites with references to "Soland et Ell. tab. 60 a 62." and to "Encycl. pl. 107. A. B. C." See the remarks on Bory (1827) and Bruguiere (1797) above.]
  • Lane, D.J.W. (2012) Acanthaster planci impact on coral communities at permanent transect sites on Bruneian reefs, with a regional overview and a critique on outbreak causes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92 (Special Issue 04), 803-809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0025315411000890
  • Lee, C.-C., Tsai, W.-S., Hsieh, H.-J. & Hwang, D.-F. (2013a) Cytotoxicity of venom from crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) spine. Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, 9 (2), 1771-1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13273-013-0022-3.
  • Lee, C.-C., Tsai, W.-S., Hsieh, H.-J., & Hwang, D.-F. (2013b) Hemolytic activity of venom from crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci spines. Journal of Venomous Animals & Taxons including Tropical Deseases, 19 (22), 8 pp.
  • Leray, M., Beraud, M., Anker, A., Chancerelle, Y. & Mills, S.C. (2012) Acanthaster planci outbreak: Decline in coral health, coral size structure modification and consequences for obligate decapod assemblages. PLoS ONE, 7 (4), e35456. [10 pp.] http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035456
  • Leske, N.G. (1778) Iacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum. Accesserunt lucubratiuncula de aculeis echinorum marinorum et spicilegium de belemnitis. Gleditsch, Lipsiae, 4 + xx (20) + 278 + 3 pp., pls. I-LIV (1-54).
  • Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvius, Stockholm, [iv] + 824 pp.
  • Linne, C. von (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars 2. Editio duodecima, reformata. L. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 533-1327 + [36].
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  • Lucas, J.S. & Jones, M.M. (1976) Hybrid crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci X A. brevispinus) reared to maturity in the laboratory. Nature, 263 (5576), 409-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/263409a0
  • Lucas, J.S., Nash, W.J. & Nishida, M. (1985) Aspects of the evolution of Acanthaster planci (L.) (Echinodermata; Asteroidea). Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress, 5, 327-332. Available from: http://www.reefbase.org/ resource_center/publication/pub_17523.aspx (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Ludwig, H. & Hamann, O. (1899) Die Seesterne. In: Bronn´s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs in Wort und Bild. 2. Band, 3. Abteilung: Echinodermen (Stachelhauter), II. Buch, Akademische Verlagsgesellshaft, Leipzig, pp. 461-966, pls. I-XII (1-12). Available from: https://archive.org/stream/drhgbronnsklasse020302bron#page/n5/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014)
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  • Mah, C.L. (2014) World Asteroidea database. Available from: www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea (accessed 1 July 2014)
  • Messmer, V., Pratchett, M.S. & Clark, T.D. (2013) Capacity for regeneration in crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci. Coral Reefs, 32 (2), 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-013-1017-1
  • Mills, S.C. (2012) Density-dependent prophylaxis in the coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci. Coral Reefs, 31 (2), 603-612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-012-0883-2
  • Moran, P.J. (1986) The Acanthaster phenomenon. Oceanography and Marine Biology-an Annual Review, 24, 379-480. [Reprinted in Moran (1988)] http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19880730414
  • Moran, P.J. (1988) The Acanthaster phenomenon. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series, 7, 178 pp. (ISBN 0-642-13250-X) Available from: http://archive.org/stream/Acanthasterphen00Mora#page/n1/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014) [A re-edition and bibliographic update to Moran (1986)]
  • Moran, P.J. (1990) Acanthaster planci-biographical data. Coral Reef, 9 (3), 95-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00258218
  • Muller, J. (1840) ... uber den Bau des Pentacrinus Caput Medusae. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1840 (April), 88-106. Available from:http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/bbaw/bibliothek-digital/digitalequellen/schriften/anzeige?band=08-verh/1840 (accessed 4 July 2014) [The header information in Muller & Troschel (1840: 318)-see the next reference below-identifies that work as an "excerpt from the monthly report of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Month of April 1840." Indeed, the paper's contents are almost identical to those beginning at the bottom of page 99 in Muller (1840). Muller & Troschel (1842: pp. X, 5) treated Muller (1840) as having been published before Muller & Troschel (1840). In a comprehensive monograph on the Academy's history Harnack (1900: 770) wrote that the monthly report issues were to be issued "generally upon completion of each month", in order to be able to "publish more quickly than in the Abhandlungen" series of the same academy, and that this "instrument proved to be very practical and to actually achieve its purpose". We conclude that Muller (1840) was published in May of 1840, i.e. not only prior to Gray (1840) but also before Muller & Troschel (1840).]
  • Muller, J. & Troschel, F.H. (1840) Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 6 (1), 318-326. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/archivfrnaturg0601berl#page/318/mode/2up (accessed 4 July 2014) [Previous opinion dating this work from June of 1840 looks questionable, as immediately below the paper's final lines on page 326 the header of the following work states that part of the latter had been presented at a meeting on "21 July 1840". However, in light of our findings on Muller (1840)-see the next reference above-the precise publication date of Muller & Troschel (1840) is no longer critical to nomenclature.]
  • Muller, J. & Troschel, F.H. (1842) System der Asteriden. F. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, xx (20) + 134 + [1] pp., 12 pls. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/systemderasterid00ml (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Muller, J. & Troschel, F.H. (1844) Beschreibung neuer Asteriden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 10 (1), 178-185. Available from: https://archive.org/stream/archivfrnaturg1001berl#page/178/mode/2up (accessed 4 July)
  • Nash, W.J., Goddard, M. & Lucas, J.S. (1983) Population genetic studies of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (L.), in the Great Barrier Reef region. Coral Reefs, 7 (1), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00301976
  • Nishida, M. & Lucas, J.S. (1990) Genetic differences between geographic populations of the crown-of-thorns starfish throughout the Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology, 98 (3), 359-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00391112
  • Petit, R.E. (2011) Reprint of Lamarck's 1816 "Liste des objets". Conchologia ingrata, 3, 1-18. Available from: http:// conchologia.com/publication_pdf/3.pdf (accessed 4 July 2014)
  • Plancus, J. (a pseudonym of Bianchi, G.) (1744) Appendix ad Φυτοβασανον. P. [136], pl. XXXVIII (38). In: Plancus, I. & Columna, F.† (Eds.), Fabi Columnae Lyncei ΦυΤΟΒασαΝΟς cui accessit vita Fabi et Lynceorum notitia adnotationesque in ΦυΤΟΒασαΝΟΝ Iano Planco Ariminensi auctore et in Senensi academia anatomes publico professore. [The Lyncean Fab(i)us Columna's 'Phytobasanos', to which have been added a biography of Fab(i)us and an appraisal of the Lynceans, as well as notes on the 'Phytobasanos', by Ianus Plancus of Rimini, the author and a public professor at the anatomical academy of Siena.]. I.P. Aeris, Florence; lii (52) + 134 + [2] pp., 38 pl. Available from: http://books.google.de/ books?id=Le5v5sSQDiIC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed 4 July 2014) [In this digital version, the bottom of the page with plate XXXVIII shows three lines of text. As evidenced by their references to names and pages in Linne (1767), these text lines are not parts of the printed original from 1744 but were entered later on the digitized copy.]
  • Plancus, J. & Gualtierus, N. [= Bianchi, G. & Gualtieri, N.] (1743) De stella marina echinata quindecim radiis instructa epistolae binae quarum altera ad Carolum Antonium Iulianum a Iano Planco, altera vero ad ipsum Plancum a Nicolao Gualtiero, conscriptae. [Two letters on a spiny starfish equipped with fifteen arms, one written to Carolus Antonius Julianus by Janus Plancus, the other to that same Plancus by Nicolaus Gualtierus.] Preprinted separate, 12 pp., 1. pl. Florence. Available from: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=s1VQXBasaaIC&rdid=book-s1VQXBasaaIC&rdot=1 (1743, separate; plate incompletely visible; access requires registration with 'Google books') [As far as known, this work was published first in 1743 as a preprinted separate, then in 1744 in Memorie sopra la Fisica e Istoria naturale di diversi Valentuomini, 2, 283-288 + 289-294 (digitized pages 307-312, 313-318), 1 pl. (on p. XV of this journal volume, some corrections to the texts are proposed). The "1 January 1743" date given for the separate by Google books cannot be correct, as the letters by Gualtierus and Plancus are signed with "September" and "October" 1743, respectively.]
  • Rivera-Posada, J., Owens, L., Caballes, C.F. & Pratchett, M.S. (2012) The role of protein extracts in the induction of disease in Acanthaster planci. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 429, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2012.06.008
  • Rivera-Posada, J.A., Pratchett, M., Cano-Gomez, A., Arango-Gomez, J.D. & Owens, L. (2011) Injection of Acanthaster planci with thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose agar (TCBS). I. Disease induction. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 97 (2), 85-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02401
  • Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 33, xiii (13) + pp. 1-510 pp. [CSIRO Australia, Melbourne]
  • Rumphius [= Rumph], G.E. (1705) D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer. F. Halma, Amsterdam, 539 pp. Available from: http:// gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PPN=PPN372428037&IDDOC=279913 (accessed 4 July 2014)
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