Published June 4, 2021 | Version Final version

Situación Actual De Los Páramos En Colombia A Partir De Una Revisión Sistemática De Literatura

Authors/Creators

Description

This is an investigation carried out through a systematic literature review prepared in order to study the current situation of the páramos in Colombia through the Parsifal program (Stefany Urquijo, nd) in which inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented for the Selection of articles to which data extraction was carried out by means of questions based on the effects of climate change and human actions on the ecosystems of the páramos, so that they would serve to propose solutions to the current problems of the country by means of alternatives for the care and protection of critical points in high mountain areas in charge of the water regulation process. These ecosystems vulnerable to climate change and other factors have been deteriorating due to the actions of man, agriculture, livestock, mining and the use of the land that is being given to these areas, and which in turn destroys no only the ecosystems of Colombian paramos but the quality of human life.

Files

Situación Actual De Los Páramos En Colombia A Partir De Una Revisión Sistemática De Literatura.pdf

Additional details

References

  • Acosta Castellanos, P. M., Guerrero Sierra, H., & Vega, M. E. (2018). Estudios sobre medio ambiente y sostenibilidad: una mirada desde Colombia (2018th ed.). Ediciones USTA. http://hdl.handle.net/11634/22658
  • Castellanos, P. M. A., Queiruga-Dios, A., Encinas, A. H., & Acosta, L. C. (2020). Environmental Education in Environmental Engineering: Analysis of the Situation in Colombia and Latin America. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187239
  • Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Gónzalez, F., Rangel-Ch, J. O., & Gómez, F. (2016). P-type based dimensionality reduction for open contours of Colombian Páramo plant species. Ecological Informatics, 36, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.001
  • Castaño Uribe, C. ed. (2002). Páramos y ecosistemas Alto Andinos de Colombia en condición HotSpot y Global Climatic Tensor. IDEAM,
  • del Medio Ambiente, M., Mayr Maldonado, J., General ANGELA ANDRADE PÉREZ, S., ANDRADE PÉREZ MARÍA DEL ROSARIO GUZMÁN VIVAS OSCAR DARÍO TOSSE LUNA MARÍA MARGARITA GNECCO ORTIZ ZORAIDA FAJARDO RODRÍGUEZ Agradecimientos, A., Aguirre, N., Andrade, G., Marina Arévalo, L., Ayala, A., Beltrán, G., Bogotá, A., Hersilia Bonilla, M., Bonilla, M., Bravo, H., Burbano, I., Caballero, S., José Calderón, M., Cañón, G., Carvajal, L., Castaño, S., … Garzón Jose Roberto Arango, W. M. (n.d.). Programa para el Manejo Sostenible y Restauración de Ecosistemas de la Alta Montaña colombiana REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA CLAUDIA MARTÍNEZ ZULETA Viceministra del Medio Ambiente CLAUDIA MORA PINEDA.
  • Fronteras Terrestres | Cancillería. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2021, from https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/fronteras-terrestres
  • Good Stuff International - supporting people and to become sustainable water users. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2021, from https://www.goodstuffinternational.com/index.php/en/component/content/article/54-news/137-colombia-the-first-country-to-publish-the-water-footprints-of-all-its-316-watersheds?Itemid=115
  • Guía visual de plantas de páramos en Colombia. (n.d.).
  • Herrera, H. (2013). Páramos = agua = vida | Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense (AIDA). https://aida-americas.org/es/blog/páramos-agua-vida
  • Hofstede, R. (n.d.). EL IMPACTO DE LAS ACTIVIDADES HUMANAS SOBRE EL PÁRAMO
  • Hofstede, R., Segarra, P., & Mena Vásconez, P. (2003). Los Páramos del Mundo. www.flacsoandes.edu.ec
  • Importancia de los bosques, Colombia tercer país de la región en cobertura boscosa | Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. (n.d.). Retrieved June 3, 2021, from https://www.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/sala-de-prensa/2-noticias/1210-el-uso-sostenible-de-los-bosques-prioridad-de-minambiente-513
  • International, B. (2009). IBAs América - Colombia. www.birdlife.org
  • Rangel, J. O. (2005). La biodiversidad de Colombia. Palimpsestvs, 0(5). https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/palimpsestvs/article/view/8083
  • SISTEMA DE INFORMACION AMBIENTAL DE COLOMBIA-SIAC-TOMO 3. (n.d.)
  • Acevedo, C. J. D., Alarcon, L. V. R., & Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. (2020). Neotropical páramos as biogeographic units. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 68(2), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.15517/RBT.V68I2.39347
  • Alonso, D. L., Pérez, R., Okio, C. K. Y. A., & Castillo, E. (2020). Assessment of mining activity on arsenic contamination in surface water and sediments in southwestern area of Santurbán paramo, Colombia. Journal of Environmental Management, 264, 110478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110478
  • Alvarez-Yela, A. C., Alvarez-Silva, M. C., Restrepo, S., Husserl, J., Zambrano, M. M., Danies, G., Gómez, J. M., & González Barrios, A. F. (2017). Influence of agricultural activities in the structure and metabolic functionality of paramo soil samples in Colombia studied using a metagenomics analysis in dynamic state. Ecological Modelling, 351, 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.010
  • Alzate-Guarín, F., & Murillo-Serna, J. S. (2016). Angiosperm flora on the páramos of northwestern Colombia: Diversity and affinities. PhytoKeys, 70(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.70.8609
  • Alzate, F., Álvarez, A., Miranda-Esquivel, D. R., & Morrone, J. J. (2018). Application of phylogenetic indices in the definition of conservation priorities in the northwest andes paramos. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 66(4), 1353–1361. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i4.31049
  • Anthea Sutton, D. P. (n.d.). Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review - Andrew Booth, Anthea Sutton, Diana Papaioannou - Google Libros. Retrieved May 24, 2021, from https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=JD1DCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=IZiHOXbN8F&sig=fjEPvUubY-o7wH5KAt9BfCNkI7w&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
  • Aparecido, L. M. T., Teodoro, G. S., Mosquera, G., Brum, M., Barros, F. de V., Pompeu, P. V., Rodas, M., Lazo, P., Müller, C. S., Mulligan, M., Asbjornsen, H., Moore, G. W., & Oliveira, R. S. (2018). Ecohydrological drivers of Neotropical vegetation in montane ecosystems. In Ecohydrology (Vol. 11, Issue 3). John Wiley and Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1932
  • Araujo-Carrillo, G. A., Varón-Ramírez, V. M., Jaramillo-Barrios, C. I., Estupiñan-Casallas, J. M., Silva-Arero, E. A., Gómez-Latorre, D. A., & Martínez-Maldonado, F. E. (2021). IRAKA: The first Colombian soil information system with digital soil mapping products. Catena, 196, 104940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104940
  • Avellaneda-Torres, L. M., León Sicard, T. E., & Torres Rojas, E. (2018). Impact of potato cultivation and cattle farming on physicochemical parameters and enzymatic activities of Neotropical high Andean Páramo ecosystem soils. Science of the Total Environment, 631–632, 1600–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.137
  • Avellaneda-Torres, L. M., Sicard, T. L., Castro, E. G., & Rojas, E. T. (2020). Potato cultivation and livestock effects on microorganism functional groups in soils from the neotropical high andean Páramo. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Do Solo, 44. https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20190122
  • Balthazar, V., Vanacker, V., Molina, A., & Lambin, E. F. (2015). Impacts of forest cover change on ecosystem services in high Andean mountains. Ecological Indicators, 48, 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.07.043
  • Benítez, Á., Robbert Gradstein, S., Cevallos, P., Medina, J., & Aguirre, N. (2019). Terrestrial bryophyte communities in relation to climatic and topographic factors in a paramo of southern Ecuador. Caldasia, 41(2), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.67869
  • Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Gónzalez, F., Rangel-Ch, J. O., & Gómez, F. (2016). P-type based dimensionality reduction for open contours of Colombian Páramo plant species. Ecological Informatics, 36, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.09.001
  • Borrelli, P., Armenteras, D., Panagos, P., Modugno, S., & Schütt, B. (2015). The implications of fire management in the andean paramo: A preliminary assessment using satellite remote sensing. Remote Sensing, 7(9), 11061–11082. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911061
  • Bremer, L. L., Farley, K. A., Chadwick, O. A., & Harden, C. P. (2016). Changes in carbon storage with land management promoted by payment for ecosystem services. Environmental Conservation, 43(4), 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892916000199
  • Buytaert, W., Sevink, J., De Leeuw, B., & Deckers, J. (2005). Clay mineralogy of the soils in the south Ecuadorian páramo region. Geoderma, 127(1–2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.021
  • Buytaert, Wouter, Célleri, R., De Bièvre, B., Cisneros, F., Wyseure, G., Deckers, J., & Hofstede, R. (2006). Human impact on the hydrology of the Andean páramos. Earth-Science Reviews, 79(1–2), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.06.002
  • Buytaert, Wouter, Iñiguez, V., & Bièvre, B. De. (2007). The effects of afforestation and cultivation on water yield in the Andean páramo. Forest Ecology and Management, 251(1–2), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.035
  • Cárdenas-Burgos, C. A., Araque-Barrera, J., Bohorquez-Quintero, M. D. L. Á., Hernández-Herrera, Y., & Pacheco-Maldonado, J. C. (2019). In vitro propagation of bucquetia glutinosa, endemic species of the colombian paramos. Rodriguesia, 70. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201970057
  • Carrillo-Hormaza, L., Mora, C., Alvarez, R., Alzate, F., & Osorio, E. (2015). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity against Enterobacter cloacae of essential oils from Asteraceae species growing in the Páramos of Colombia. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.08.047
  • Carrillo-Rojas, G., Schulz, H. M., Orellana-Alvear, J., Ochoa-Sánchez, A., Trachte, K., Célleri, R., & Bendix, J. (2020). Atmosphere-surface fluxes modeling for the high Andes: The case of páramo catchments of Ecuador. Science of the Total Environment, 704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135372
  • Carrillo-Rojas, G., Silva, B., Rollenbeck, R., Célleri, R., & Bendix, J. (2019). The breathing of the Andean highlands: Net ecosystem exchange and evapotranspiration over the páramo of southern Ecuador. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 265, 30–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.11.006
  • Carrizo, D., & Moller, C. (2018). Methodological structures of systematic literature review in software engineering: A systematic mapping study. In Ingeniare (Vol. 26, pp. 45–54). Universidad de Tarapaca. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052018000500045
  • Chai, L. L., Hernandez-Ramirez, G., Hik, D. S., Barrio, I. C., Frost, C. M., Chinchilla Soto, C., & Esquivel-Hernández, G. (2020). A methane sink in the Central American high elevation páramo: Topographic, soil moisture and vegetation effects. Geoderma, 362, 114092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114092
  • Codina, L. (2018, October 8). Science Direct: base de datos y plataforma digital de Elsevier. https://www.lluiscodina.com/science-direct-elsevier/
  • Coelho, M. S., Carneiro, M. A. A., Branco, C. A., Borges, R. A. X., & Fernandes, G. W. (2017). Galling Insects of the Brazilian Páramos: Species Richness and Composition Along High-Altitude Grasslands. Environmental Entomology, 46(6), 1243–1253. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvx147
  • Correa Ayram, C. A., Etter, A., Díaz-Timoté, J., Rodríguez Buriticá, S., Ramírez, W., & Corzo, G. (2020). Spatiotemporal evaluation of the human footprint in Colombia: Four decades of anthropic impact in highly biodiverse ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 117, 106630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106630
  • Cortés, A. J., Garzón, L. N., Valencia, J. B., & Madriñán, S. (2018). On the causes of rapid diversification in the páramos: Isolation by ecology and genomic divergence in espeletia. Frontiers in Plant Science, 871. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01700
  • Crockett, S., Eberhardt, M., Kunert, O., & Schühly, W. (2010). Hypericum species in the Páramos of Central and South America: A special focus upon H. irazuense Kuntze ex N. Robson. In Phytochemistry Reviews (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 255–269). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-009-9148-2
  • Curiel Yuste, J., Hereş, A. M., Ojeda, G., Paz, A., Pizano, C., García-Angulo, D., & Lasso, E. (2017). Soil heterotrophic CO2 emissions from tropical high-elevation ecosystems (Páramos) and their sensitivity to temperature and moisture fluctuations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 110, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.02.016
  • Dahik, C. Q., Crespo, P., Stimm, B., Murtinho, F., Weber, M., & Hildebrandt, P. (2018). Contrasting stakeholders' perceptions of pine plantations in the páramo ecosystem of Ecuador. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061707
  • Dávila, M., Vásquez, C. L., & Pomboza, P. (2017). Primer reporte de Raphanus raphanistrum L. en los páramos de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Idesia, 35(3), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292017005000201
  • Elsevier B.V. (2014). Scopus Guía rápida de referencia. www.elsevier.com/scopus
  • Eraso-Puentes, L. P., & Amarillo-Suárez, Á. R. (2016). Arthropods in necromass of two rosette plants species in different successional stages of andean Páramo. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 42(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v42i1.6674
  • Etter, A., Andrade, A., Nelson, C. R., Cortés, J., & Saavedra, K. (2020). Assessing restoration priorities for high-risk ecosystems: An application of the IUCN red list of ecosystems. Land Use Policy, 99, 104874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104874
  • Farley, K. A. (2007). Grasslands to tree plantations: Forest transition in the Andes of Ecuador. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 97(4), 755–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00581.x
  • Farley, K. A., Bremer, L. L., Harden, C. P., & Hartsig, J. (2013). Changes in carbon storage under alternative land uses in biodiverse Andean grasslands: Implications for payment for ecosystem services. Conservation Letters, 6(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00267.x
  • Farley, K. A., & Kelly, E. F. (2004). Effects of afforestation of a páramo grassland on soil nutrient status. Forest Ecology and Management, 195(3), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2003.12.015
  • Flantua, S. G. A., O'Dea, A., Onstein, R. E., Giraldo, C., & Hooghiemstra, H. (2019). The flickering connectivity system of the north Andean páramos. Journal of Biogeography, 46(8), 1808–1825. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13607
  • Forero-Gómez, Y. K., Gil-Leguizamón, P. A., & Morales-Puentes, M. E. (2020). Structural connectivity between the páramos of guacheneque and los cristales, rabanal-río bogotá complex, colombia. Revista de Teledeteccion, 2020(57), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2020.13946
  • García, J., Suárez, E., & Zapata-Ríos, G. (2016). An assessment of the populations of Sylvilagus brasiliensis andinus in Páramos with different vegetation structures in the northeastern Andes of Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2(1), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2016.1179846
  • García, V. J., Márquez, C. O., Isenhart, T. M., Rodríguez, M., Crespo, S. D., & Cifuentes, A. G. (2019). Evaluating the conservation state of the páramo ecosystem: An object-based image analysis and CART algorithm approach for central Ecuador. Heliyon, 5(10), e02701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02701
  • Garzon-Lopez, C. X., & Lasso, E. (2020). Species classification in a tropical alpine ecosystem using UAV-borne RGB and hyperspectral imagery. Drones, 4(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4040069
  • Gil, E. G., & Tobón, C. (2016). Hydrological modelling with TOPMODEL of chingaza páramo, Colombia. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin, 69(2), 7919–7933. https://doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v69n2.59137
  • González-Martínez, M. D., Huguet, C., Pearse, J., McIntyre, N., & Camacho, L. A. (2019). Assessment of potential contamination of Paramo soil and downstream water supplies in a coal-mining region of Colombia. Applied Geochemistry, 108, 104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104382
  • González, Y., Aragón, G., Benítez, A., & Prieto, M. (2017). Changes in soil cryptogamic communities in tropical Ecuadorean páramos. Community Ecology, 18(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1556/168.2017.18.1.2
  • González, Yadira, Aragón, G., & Prieto, M. (2019). New records of terricolous lichens in ecuadorian páramos. Caldasia, 41(2), 445–449. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.72040
  • Guio Blanco, C. M., Brito Gomez, V. M., Crespo, P., & Ließ, M. (2018). Spatial prediction of soil water retention in a Páramo landscape: Methodological insight into machine learning using random forest. Geoderma, 316, 100–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.002
  • Gutiérrez, J., Ordoñez, N., Bolívar, A., Bunning, S., Guevara, M., Medina, E., Olivera, C., Olmedo, G., Rodríguez, L., Sevilla, V., & Vargas, R. (2020). Estimation of organic carbon in paramo ecosystem soils in Colombia. Ecosistemas, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.7818/ECOS.1855
  • Herrero, C., Turrión, M. B., Pando, V., & Bravo, F. (2016). Carbon content of forest floor and mineral soil in Mediterranean Pinus spp. and Oak stands in acid soils in Northern Spain. Forest Systems, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2016252-09149
  • Holden, J., Shotbolt, L., Bonn, A., Burt, T. P., Chapman, P. J., Dougill, A. J., Fraser, E. D. G., Hubacek, K., Irvine, B., Kirkby, M. J., Reed, M. S., Prell, C., Stagl, S., Stringer, L. C., Turner, A., & Worrall, F. (2007). Environmental change in moorland landscapes. In Earth-Science Reviews (Vol. 82, Issues 1–2, pp. 75–100). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.01.003
  • Iñiguez, V., Morales, O., Cisneros, F., Bauwens, W., & Wyseure, G. (2015). Analysis of the drought resilience of Andosols on southern Ecuadorian Andean páramos. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 12(11), 11449–11484. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11449-2015
  • Iñiguez, Vicente, Morales, O., Cisneros, F., Bauwens, W., & Wyseure, G. (2016). Analysis of the drought recovery of Andosols on southern Ecuadorian Andean páramos. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 20(6), 2421–2435. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2421-2016
  • Lasso, E., Matheus-Arbeláez, P., Gallery, R. E., Garzón-López, C., Cruz, M., Leon-Garcia, I. V., Aragón, L., Ayarza-Páez, A., & Curiel Yuste, J. (2021). Homeostatic Response to Three Years of Experimental Warming Suggests High Intrinsic Natural Resistance in the Páramos to Warming in the Short Term. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.615006
  • Lazo, P. X., Mosquera, G. M., McDonnell, J. J., & Crespo, P. (2019). The role of vegetation, soils, and precipitation on water storage and hydrological services in Andean Páramo catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 572, 805–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.050
  • Leon-Garcia, I. V., & Lasso, E. (2019). High heat tolerance in plants from the Andean highlands: Implications for paramos in a warmer world. PLoS ONE, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224218
  • Leroy, D. (2019). Farmers' perceptions of and adaptations to water scarcity in colombian and venezuelan páramos in the context of climate change. Mountain Research and Development, 39(2), R21–R34. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-18-00062.1
  • Lis-Gutiérrez, M., Rubiano-Sanabria, Y., & Usuga, J. C. L. (2019). Soils and land use in the study of soil organic carbon in Colombian highlands catena. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geographica, 54(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2019.2
  • Lizarazo-Medina, P. X., & Gómez-Vásquez, D. (2015). Microbiota rizosférica de Espeletia spp. de los páramos de Santa inés y de Frontino-Urrao en Antioquia, Colombia. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 20(1), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v20n1.42827
  • Llambí, L. D., Becerra, M. T., Peralvo, M., Avella, A., Baruffol, M., & Flores, L. J. (2019). Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Colombia's High Andean Ecosystems: Toward an Integrated Strategy. Mountain Research and Development, 39(3), A8–A20. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-19-00020.1
  • Llambí, L. D., Hupp, N., Saez, A., & Callaway, R. (2018). Reciprocal interactions between a facilitator, natives, and exotics in tropical alpine plant communities. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 30, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2017.05.002
  • Londoño, C., Cleef, A., & Madriñán, S. (2014). Angiosperm flora and biogeography of the páramo region of Colombia, Northern Andes. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 209(2), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2013.11.006
  • Lopez-Sandoval, M., & Maldonado, P. (2019). Change, Collective Action, and Cultural Resilience in Paramo Management in Ecuador. Mountain Research and Development, 39(4), R1–R9. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-19-00007.1
  • López, S., López-Sandoval, M. F., Gerique, A., & Salazar, J. (2020). Landscape change in Southern Ecuador: An indicator-based and multi-temporal evaluation of land use and land cover in a mixed-use protected area. Ecological Indicators, 115, 106357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106357
  • López, S., Wright, C., & Costanza, P. (2017). Environmental change in the equatorial Andes: Linking climate, land use, and land cover transformations. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 8, 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2016.11.001
  • Madriñán, S., Cortés, A. J., & Richardson, J. E. (2013). Páramo is the world's fastest evolving and coolest biodiversity hotspot. Frontiers in Genetics, 4(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00192
  • Marcano, V., & Castillo, L. (2020). Diversity of lichens in the paramos of El Batallón and La Negra, General Juan Pablo Peñaloza National Park, Venezuelan Andes. Anales Del Jardin Botanico de Madrid, 77(1). https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2549
  • Márquez, E. J., Fariñas, M. R., Briceño, B., & Rada, F. J. (2004). Distribution of grasses along an altitudinal gradient in a Venezuelan paramo. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 77(4), 649–660. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2004000400008
  • McIntyre, N., Angarita, M., Fernandez, N., Camacho, L. A., Pearse, J., Huguet, C., Baena, O. J. R., & Ossa-Moreno, J. (2018). A framework for assessing the impacts of mining development on regional water resources in Colombia. Water (Switzerland), 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030268
  • Minaya Maldonado, V. G. (2017). Ecohydrology of the Andes Paramo Region. In Ecohydrology of the Andes Paramo Region. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315116044
  • Minaya, V., Corzo, G. A., Solomatine, D. P., & Mynett, A. E. (2018). Data-driven techniques for modelling the gross primary production of the páramo vegetation using climate data: Application in the Ecuadorian Andean region. Ecological Informatics, 43, 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.12.002
  • Montenegro-Díaz, P., Ochoa-Sánchez, A., & Célleri, R. (2019). Impact of tussock grasses removal on soil water content dynamics of a tropical mountain hillslope. Ecohydrology, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2146
  • Morales, J. A. V., & Nieto, L. D. A. (2017). Paramo and high-andean simulation using reactive agents hydrological role of high andean ecosystems. COMPLEXIS 2017 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006379301390143
  • Nierop, K. G. J., & Jansen, B. (2009). Extensive transformation of organic matter and excellent lipid preservation at the upper, superhumid Guandera páramo. Geoderma, 151(3–4), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.002
  • Ochoa-Tocachi, B. F., Buytaert, W., De Bièvre, B., Célleri, R., Crespo, P., Villacís, M., Llerena, C. A., Acosta, L., Villazón, M., Guallpa, M., Gil-Ríos, J., Fuentes, P., Olaya, D., Viñas, P., Rojas, G., & Arias, S. (2016). Impacts of land use on the hydrological response of tropical Andean catchments. Hydrological Processes, 30(22), 4074–4089. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10980
  • Otero, J. D., Figueroa, A., Muñoz, F. A., & Peña, M. R. (2011). Loss of soil and nutrients by surface runoff in two agro-ecosystems within an Andean paramo area. Ecological Engineering, 37(12), 2035–2043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.08.001
  • Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In The BMJ (Vol. 372). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
  • Patiño, S., Hernández, Y., Plata, C., Domínguez, I., Daza, M., Oviedo-Ocaña, R., Buytaert, W., & Ochoa-Tocachi, B. F. (2021). Influence of land use on hydro-physical soil properties of Andean páramos and its effect on streamflow buffering. In Catena (Vol. 202, p. 105227). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105227
  • Pérez, F. L. (2019). Long-term growth rates of two caulescent rosette species, Coespeletia timotensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., and Espeletia schultzii Wedd., in an Andean páramo. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 252, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.01.006
  • Poulenard, J., Podwojewski, P., Janeau, J. L., & Collinet, J. (2001). Runoff and soil erosion under rainfall simulation of Andisols from the Ecuadorian Páramo: Effect of tillage and burning. Catena, 45(3), 185–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00148-5
  • Quesada-Román, A., Ballesteros-Cánovas, J. A., Guillet, S., Madrigal-González, J., & Stoffel, M. (2020). Neotropical Hypericum irazuense shrubs reveal recent ENSO variability in Costa Rican páramo. Dendrochronologia, 61, 125704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125704
  • Raczka, M. F., Mosblech, N. A., Giosan, L., Valencia, B. G., Folcik, A. M., Kingston, M., Baskin, S., & Bush, M. B. (2019). A human role in Andean megafaunal extinction? Quaternary Science Reviews, 205, 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.005
  • Ramirez-Villegas, J., Cuesta, F., Devenish, C., Peralvo, M., Jarvis, A., & Arnillas, C. A. (2014). Using species distributions models for designing conservation strategies of Tropical Andean biodiversity under climate change. Journal for Nature Conservation, 22(5), 391–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.03.007
  • Ramsay, P. M. (2014). Giant rosette plant morphology as an indicator of recent fire history in Andean páramo grasslands. Ecological Indicators, 45, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.003
  • Restrepo-Chica, M., & Bonilla-Gómez, M. A. (2017). Dinámica de la fenología y visitantes florales de dos bromelias terrestres de un páramo de Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 88(3), 636–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.07.008
  • Richerzhagen, C., de Francisco, J. C. R., Weinsheimer, F., Döhnert, A., Kleiner, L., Mayer, M., Morawietz, J., & Philipp, E. (2019). Ecosystem-based adaptation projects, more than just adaptation: Analysis of social benefits and costs in Colombia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214248
  • Rodríguez, M. A., Angueyra, A., Cleef, A. M., & Van Andel, T. (2018). Ethnobotany of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy-Güicán: Climate change and conservation strategies in the Colombian Andes. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0227-6
  • Román-Cuesta, R. M., Salinas, N., Asbjornsen, H., Oliveras, I., Huaman, V., Gutiérrez, Y., Puelles, L., Kala, J., Yabar, D., Rojas, M., Astete, R., Jordán, D. Y., Silman, M., Mosandl, R., Weber, M., Stimm, B., Günter, S., Knoke, T., & Malhi, Y. (2011). Implications of fires on carbon budgets in Andean cloud montane forest: The importance of peat soils and tree resprouting. Forest Ecology and Management, 261(11), 1987–1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.025
  • Romero, S. F. T., & Santos, C. O. P. (2018). Water balance components in the Paramo of Jatunsacha, Ecuador. Granja, 28(2), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n28.2018.04
  • Ruiz, D., Moreno, H. A., Gutiérrez, M. E., & Zapata, P. A. (2008). Changing climate and endangered high mountain ecosystems in Colombia. Science of the Total Environment, 398(1–3), 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.038
  • Sanchez, A., Rey-Sánchez, A. C., Posada, J. M., & Smith, W. K. (2018). Interplay of seasonal sunlight, air and leaf temperature in two alpine páramo species, Colombian Andes. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 253–254, 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.033
  • Sarmiento, L., Abadín, J., González-Prieto, S., & Carballas, T. (2012). Assessing and modeling the role of the native legume Lupinus meridanus in fertility restoration in a heterogeneous mountain environment of the tropical Andes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 159, 29–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.018
  • Schneiderbauer, S., Fontanella Pisa, P., Delves, J. L., Pedoth, L., Rufat, S., Erschbamer, M., Thaler, T., Carnelli, F., & Granados-Chahin, S. (2021). Risk perception of climate change and natural hazards in global mountain regions: A critical review. In Science of the Total Environment (Vol. 784, p. 146957). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146957
  • Segura Madrigal, M. A., Andrade Castañeda, H. J., & Mojica Sánchez, C. A. (2019). Structure, floristic composition and carbon storage in native forests of Paramo de Anaime, Tolima, Colombia. Ciencia Florestal, 29(1), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509826551
  • Seoane, J., Justribó, J. H., García, F., Retamar, J., Rabadán, C., & Atienza, J. C. (2006). Habitat-suitability modelling to assess the effects of land-use changes on Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti: A case study in the Layna Important Bird Area. Biological Conservation, 128(2), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.032
  • Sklenář, P., & Balslev, H. (2005). Superpáramo plant species diversity and phytogeography in Ecuador. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 200(5), 416–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2004.12.006
  • Sklenář, P., & Balslev, H. (2007). Geographic flora elements in the Ecuadorian superpáramo. Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 202(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2006.03.002
  • Small, R. L., & Hickey, R. J. (2001). Systematics of the Northern Andean Isoëtes karstenii complex. American Fern Journal, 91(2), 41–69. https://doi.org/10.1640/0002-8444(2001)091[0041:SOTNAI]2.0.CO;2
  • Stefany Urquijo. (n.d.). SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LOS PÁRAMOS EN COLOMBIA. 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2021, from https://parsif.al/stefany.urquijo/situacion-actual-de-los-paramos-en-colombia/
  • Thathong, K., & Leopenwong, S. (2014). The Development of Environmental Education Activities for Forest Resources Conservation for the Youth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 2266–2269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.557
  • Valderrama, M. M., Buitrago, D., Bedoya, M. M., & Benavides, J. C. (2017). Variación en los restos de macrofósiles y dinámica reciente en turberas de cojines de Distichia muscoides de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia. Caldasia, 39(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v39n1.64327
  • Valladares, C., & Boelens, R. (2019). Mining for Mother Earth. Governmentalities, sacred waters and nature's rights in Ecuador. Geoforum, 100, 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.02.009
  • Vanegas-Berrouet, K. M., & Salazar-Yepes, M. (2020). New records of Pucciniales on Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Grosulariaceae, Juncaceae, Lamiaceae y Poaceae in páramos of Antioquia, Colombia. Revista de La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 44(170), 227–240. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.986
  • Varela, L. F. (2008). The north Andes: The high plateau, an anthropogenic ecosystem. Pirineos, 163, 85–95. https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2008.v163.24
  • Villota, A., León-Yánez, S., & Behling, H. (2012). Vegetation and environmental dynamics in the Páramo of Jimbura region in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes during the late Quaternary. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 40, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2012.09.010
  • Zúñiga, F., Huertas, J., Guerrero, G., Sarasty, J., Dörner, J., & Orjuela, H. B. (2018). Soil morphological properties related to Páramo ecosystems in Nariño, Southern Colombia. In Terra Latinoamericana (Vol. 36, Issue 2, pp. 183–196). Mexican Society of Soil Science. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i2.363