First sharpshooter species proven as vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex in Prunus salicina trees in Brazil
Authors/Creators
- 1. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Corteva Agrisciences, Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil
- 2. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- 3. Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- 4. Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Campus Bento Gonçalves, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
- 5. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
Description
Plum leaf scald (PLS), caused by the vector-borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is a major obstacle to the expansion of plum crops in Brazil. In other affected crops, this pathogen is naturally transmitted mainly by sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae). Despite the importance of PLS, the vector species responsible for bacterial spread in plums remain unknown. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the X. fastidiosa transmission ability of three sharpshooter species commonly found in plum orchards in southern and southeastern Brazil: Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål), Macugonalia leucomelas (Walker), and Sibovia sagata (Signoret). After a 72 h acquisition access period on plum trees infected with X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (sequence type 67), four insects of each of the species were transferred for an inoculation access period of 96 h to 10–20 healthy Prunus salicina Lindl. Bacterial infection in the plants was verified 7 months after inoculation by polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the three sharpshooter species were able to transmit X. fastidiosa to plums, with mean transmission efficiencies by single insects of 16%, 14%, and 18% for M. cavifrons, M. leucomelas, and S. sagata, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify vector species and prove the transmission of a PLS strain of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex by sharpshooters in Brazil.