Caffeine and Its Role in Regulation the Androgenetic Alopecia.

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is the most diagnosed form of hair loss dysfunction in both men and women, causing significant psychological distress and reduction the quality of life. AGA is predominantly androgen dependent and genetically predisposed condition that take place when testosterone conversion to the more bioactive metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is binds to the androgen receptors of the hair follicle causing a continuous minimization of the hair follicle and reduce in hair density. Nowadays, there are only two FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of AGA: finasteride (inhibit the synthesis of DHT) and minoxidil (opining potassium channels). Recently, newer advances have shown the caffeine which is methylxanthine alkaloids increasingly used for the production of many cosmetics also have potential clinical effects in patients suffering from AGA due to counteract DHT caused minimization of the hair follicle .Moreover caffeine  inhibit the phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme lead to increases intracellular concentrations of cAMP, which activates several enzymes and transcription factors results in a stimulation of metabolic activity and improve cell proliferation via providing higher levels of energy to the new cells. This review aims to describe the caffeine and its role in regulation and treatment the disorders related to hair loss mainly Androgenetic Alopecia.