Differentiating wild, lake-farmed and pond-farmed carp using stable isotope and multi-element analysis of fish scales with chemometrics
Authors/Creators
- 1. State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China; Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China
- 2. Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Avenue Z-Park, Beijing 100081, China
- 3. National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
Description
Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios and multi-element signatures of pooled fish scales were used to differentiate wild, lake-farmed and pond-farmed carp from Dongting Lake, China. Fish scales were found to be important archives for the dietary history and trophic level of wild and farmed fish, indicating their food sources. δ13C and δ15N values of pond-farmed carp scales were comparatively enriched to wild and lake-farmed carp due to their animal protein-derived feeds. Multi-element compositions of fish scales also showed significant differences between wild and farmed fish. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model correctly discriminated the three carp groups. Discrimination accuracies of wild, lake-farmed and pond-farmed carp were 100%, 95%, and 100% for the training set, and 100% for the testing set. This strategy provides a promising non-lethal alternative method to combat mislabeling of freshwater carp from different farming methods.
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