The Turolian proboscideans (Mammalia) of Europe: preliminary observations

The paper deals with six proboscidean species from the Turolian of Europe. Problems of their taxonomy, phylogeny, assumed geographic range and time span are discussed; an attempt is made to outline the most important localities and material for each of the six taxa. With the exception of Anancus, a later immigrant, the other five proboscideans seem to be part of the large-scale mammal migrations from West Asia into Europe around the Vallesian/Turolian transition.