FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships and population structure for Microcanthus. A) Tree inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on mitochondrial 16S, COI and control region. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities inferred using Bayesian analysis in MrBayes and likelihood bootstrap support from a maximum-likelihood analysis in RAxML. Atypichthys (not shown) was used as the outgroup. B) Geographic distribution of Microcanthus. Geographic distributions of Microcanthus are colour coded as follow: Blue—East Asia (M. strigatus); Yellow—Hawaii (M. strigatus); Pink—Western Australia (M. strigatus); Purple—Southwest Pacific (M. joyceae). C) Bayesian clustering plots for 82 individuals of Microcanthus from populations of M. strigatus from East Asia, Hawaii and Western Australia, and M. joyceae from the southwest Pacific. The most likely number of partitions was K = 3 (LnP = -184055). The second most likely number of partitions was K = 4 (LnP = -187956). For discussion of phylogenetic relationships and population genetics of Microcanthus, see Tea et al. (2019).