New iminodiacetate-thiosemicarbazone hybrids and their copper(II) complexes are potential ribonucleotide reductase R2 inhibitors with high antiproliferative activity

As ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) plays a crucial role in nucleic acid metabolism, it is an important target for anticancer therapy. The thiosemicarbazone Triapine is an efficient R2-inhibitor, which has entered about 20 clinical trials. Thiosemicarbazones are supposed to exert their biological effects through effectively binding transition metal ions. In this study, six iminodiacetate-thiosemicarbazones able to form transition metal complexes, as well as six dicopper(II) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized by analytical, spectroscopic techniques (IR; UV‒vis, 1H and 13C NMR), ESI mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The antiproliferative effects were examined in several human cancer and one noncancerous cell lines. Several of the compounds showed high cytotoxicity and marked selectivity for cancer cells. Based on this, and on molecular docking calculations one lead dicopper(II) complex and one thiosemicarbazone were chosen for in vitro analysis as potential R2 inhibitors. Their interaction with R2 and effect on the Fe(III)2-Y• cofactor were characterized by microscale thermophoresis, and two spectroscopic techniques, EPR and UV‒vis spectroscopy. Our findings suggest that several of the synthesized proligands and copper(II) complexes are effective antiproliferative agents in several cancer cell lines, targeting RNR, which deserve further investigation as potential anticancer drugs.