Dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in middle aged women, Babol, Iran

It is important to elucidate the dietary factors contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome among
middle-aged women to better prevent and manage the syndrome. The objective was to determine the relationship
between dietary intake and metabolic syndrome in urban Babolian middle-aged women. Systematic random
sampling was used to select 984 women 30-50 years of age from urban area of Babol, Mazandaran, Iran. Dietary
patterns were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. The ATP III criteria were used to classify study
participants as having the metabolic syndrome. Correlations of component foods with indices of the metabolic
syndrome were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). The adjusted odds ratios (OR) and
their 95% confidence intervals were obtained for the nutrient groups. Mean total kilocalories consumed per day
were 2965. The study suggests that a good dietary pattern that is rich in fruits, legumes, vegetables, cereals, and
fish (component 1), as well as high intake of dairy products and eggs (components 4) decrease the likelihood of
having metabolic syndrome. The adjusted OR for the metabolic syndrome in women with low fat intake was
higher than in women with high and moderate fat (OR= 2.92; 95% CI= 1.36, 6.28). It is necessary to emphasize
the benefits of lifestyle modification, including losing weight, and consumption of more fruits, legumes, vegetables,
cereals, fish, dairy products in reducing the risk of the metabolic syndrome in middle aged women.