Published May 9, 2019
| Version v1
Journal article
Open
Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
Authors/Creators
Description
Aiglstorfer, Manuela, Semprebon, Gina M. (2019): Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia). Geodiversitas 41 (10): 385-399, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a10
Files
source.pdf
Files
(2.9 MB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:f6c072722f7f346a8f6cf9c02d09268e
|
2.9 MB | Preview Download |
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URN
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4E9D136F-A463-465B-9733-3239F1DE9A97
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFC072722F7F346A8F6CFFC02D09FF8E
References
- AGNARSSON I. & MAY- COLLADO L. J. 2008. - The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: The importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48: 964-985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ympev.2008.05.046
- AIGLSTORFER M. & COSTEUR L. 2013. - The Moschidae of Dorn- Durkheim 1 (Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 93: 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0117-9
- AIGLSTORFER M., BOCHERENS H. & BOHME M. 2014a - Large mammal ecology in the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94: 189-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0145-5
- AIGLSTORFER M., ROSSNER G. E. & BOHME M. 2014b - Dorcatherium naui and pecoran ruminants from the late Middle Miocene Gratkorn locality (Austria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94: 83-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0141-9
- AIGLSTORFER M., COSTEUR L., MENNECART B. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2017. - Micromeryx? eiselei - A new moschid species from Steinheim am Albuch, Germany, and the first comprehensive description of moschid cranial material from the Miocene of Central Europe. PLOS ONE 12: e0185679. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0185679
- AIGLSTORFER M., MAYDA S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2018. - First record of late middle Miocene Moschidae from Turkey: Micromeryx and Hispanomeryx from Catakbagyaka (Mugla, SW Turkey). Comptes Rendus Palevol 17: 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. crpv.2017.10.001
- AIGLSTORFER M., PEIGNE S. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2019. - Who killed Micromeryx flourensianus? Predation on ruminants from the Middle Miocene of France and taphonomic considerations. Lethaia. https://doi.org/10.1111/let.12322
- ANTUNES M. T. 2000. - Les Crocodiliens de Sansan, in GINS- BURG L. (ed), La Faune miocene de Sansan et son environment. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 315-319 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183).
- BANNIKOV A. G., USTINOV S. K. & LOBANOV P. N. 1978. - The Musk deer Moschus moschiferus in USSR, in IUCN monograph: 1-51.
- BARMANN E. V. & ROSSNER G. E. 2011. - Dental nomenclature in Ruminantia: Towards a standard terminological framework. Mammalian Biology - Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 76 (6): 762- 768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2011.07.002
- BIBI F. 2013. - A multi-calibrated mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Bovidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) and the importance of the fossil record to systematics. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-13-166
- BIBI F. 2014. - Assembling the ruminant tree: combining morphology, molecules, extant taxa, and fossils. Zitteliana 32: 197-211. https://doi.org/10.5282/ubm/epub.22396
- BLANC- LOUVEL C. 2000. - La macroflore de Sansan, in GINS- BURG L. (ed.), La Faune miocene de Sansan et son environment. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 109-116 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183).
- BLANCO F., GOMEZ CANO A. R., CANTALAPIEDRA J. L., DOMINGO M. S., DOMINGO L., MENENDEZ I., FLYNN L. J. & HERNANDEZ FERNAN- DEZ M. 2018. - Differential responses of Miocene rodent metacommunities to global climatic changes were mediated by environmental context. Scientific Reports 8: 2502. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41598-018-20900-5
- BODMER R. E. 1989. - Frugivory in Amazonian Artiodactyla:evidence for the evolution of the ruminant stomach. Journal of Zoology 219: 457-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02593.x
- BOHME M., WINKLHOFER M. & ILG A. 2011. - Miocene precipitation in Europe: Temporal trends and spatial gradients. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 304: 212-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.09.028
- BUCHNER E., SCHMIEDER M., SCHWARZ W. H. & TRIELOFF M. 2013. - Das Alter des Meteoritenkraters Nordlinger Ries - eine Ubersicht und kurze Diskussion der neueren Datierungen des Riesimpakts. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Geowissenschaften 164: 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2013/0037
- CASTELLO J. R. 2016. - Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives (Princeton Field Guides). Princeton University Press, Princeton, 664 p.
- CERLING T. E., HART J. A. & HART T. B. 2004. - Stable isotope ecology in the Ituri Forest. Oecologia 138: 5-12. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00442-003-1375-4
- CLAUSS M., STEUER P., MULLER D. W. H., CODRON D. & HUM- MEL J. 2013. - Herbivory and Body Size: Allometries of Diet Quality and Gastrointestinal Physiology, and Implications for Herbivore Ecology and Dinosaur Gigantism. PLOS ONE 8: e68714. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068714
- CODRON J., CODRON D., LEE- THORP J. A., SPONHEIMER M. & DE RUITER D. 2005. - Animal diets in the Waterberg based on stable isotopic composition of faeces. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 35: 43-52. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ EJC117206
- COSTEUR L., GUERIN C. & MARIDET O. 2012. - Paleoecologie et paleoenvironnement du site miocene de Sansan, in PEIGNE S. & SEN S. (eds), Mammiferes de Sansan. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 661-693 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle ; 203).
- DAMUTH J. 1990. - Problems in estimating body masses of archaic ungulates using dental measurements, in DAMUTH J. & MACFADDEN B. (eds), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology Estimations and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 229-254.
- DOMANOV T. A. 2013. - Musk deer Moschus moschiferus nutrition in the Tukuringra Mountain Range, Russian Far East, during the snow season. Russian Journal of Theriology 12: 91-97. https:// doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.12.2.05
- DOS REIS M., INOUE J., HASEGAWA M., ASHER R. J., DONOGHUE P. C. J. & YANG Z. 2012. - Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 279: 3491-3500. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rspb.2012.0683
- DRUCKER D. G., HOBSON K. A., MUNZEL S. C. & PIKE- TAY A. 2012. - Intra-individual variation in stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in mandibles of modern caribou of Qamanirjuaq (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) and Banks Island (Rangifer tarandus pearyi): Implications for tracing seasonal and temporal changes in diet. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 22: 494-504. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.1220
- EASTHAM L. C., FERANEC R. S. & BEGUN D. R. 2016. - Stable isotopes show resource partitioning among the early Late Miocene herbivore community at Rudabanya II: Paleoenvironmental implications for the hominoid, Rudapithecus hungaricus. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 454: 161-174. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.036
- ECKE F., BERGLUND A. M. M., RODUSHKIN I., ENGSTROM E., PALLAVICINI N., SORLIN D., NYHOLM E. & HORNFELDT B. 2018. - Seasonal shift of diet in bank voles explains trophic fate of anthropogenic osmium? Science of The Total Environment 624: 1634-1639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.056
- ELLIS C. J., YAHR R. & COPPINS B. J. 2011. - Archaeobotanical evidence for a massive loss of epiphyte species richness during industrialization in southern England. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278 (1724): 3482-3489. https:// doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0063
- FEER F. 1989. - Comparaison des regimes alimentaires de Cephalophus callipygus et C. dorsalis, bovides sympatriques de la foret sempervirente africaine. Mammalia 53: 563-604. https://doi. org/10.1515/mamm.1989.53.4.563
- FORTELIUS M. & SOLOUNIAS N. 2000. - Functional characterization of ungulate molars using the abrasion-attrition wear gradient: a new method for reconstructing paleodiets. American Museum Novitates 3301: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003- 0082(2000)301<0001:FCOUMU>2.0.CO;2
- GAGNON M. & CHEW A. E. 2000. - Dietary Preferences in Extant African Bovidae. Journal of Mammalogy 81: 490-511. https://doi. org/10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0490:DPIEAB>2.0.CO;2
- GENTRY A. W. 1994. - The miocene differentiation of old world Pecora (Mammalia). Historical Biology 7: 115-158. https://doi. org/10.1080/10292389409380449
- GENTRY A. W. 2000. - The ruminant radiation, in VRBA E. S. & SCHALLER G. B. (eds), Antelopes, Deer and Relatives: Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics and Conservation. Yale University Press, New Haven: 11-45.
- GINSBURG I. & BULOT C. 1997. - Les Diplocynodon (Reptilia, Crocodylia) de I'Orleanien (Miocene inferieur a moyen) de France. Geodiversitas 19 (1): 107-128.
- GINSBURG L. & BULOT C. 2000. - Le cadre stratigraphique de site de Sansan, in GINSBURG L. (ed.), La Faune miocene de Sansan et son environment. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 39-67 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183).
- GREEN M. J. B. 1986. - The Distribution, Status and Conservation of the Himalayan Musk Deer Moschus chrysogaster. Biological Conservation 35: 347-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006- 3207(86)90094-7
- GREEN M. J. B. 1987. - Diet Composition and Quality in Himalayan Musk Deer Based on Fecal Analysis. The Journal of Wildlife Management 51: 880-892. https://doi.org/10.2307/3801755
- GREEN M. J. B. & KATTEL B. 1997. - Musk deer: little understood, even its scent, in First International Symposium on Endangered Species Used in Traditional East Asian Medicine, Hong Kong: 1-18. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38687582
- GROVES C. P. 2011. - Family Moschidae (musk-deer), in WILSON D. E. & MITTERMEIER R. A. (eds), Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol. 2. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona: 336-348.
- GRUETER C. C., LI D., REN B., WEI F. & VAN SCHAIK C. P. 2009. - Dietary Profile of Rhinopithecus bieti and Its Socioecological Implications. International Journal of Primatology 30: 601-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-009-9363-0
- HASSANIN A., DELSUC F., ROPIQUET A., HAMMER C., JANSEN VAN VUUREN B., MATTHEE C., RUIZ- GARCIA M., CATZEFLIS F., ARE- SKOUG V., NGUYEN T. T. & COULOUX A. 2012. - Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 335 (1): 32-50. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.002
- HASSANIN A. & DOUZERY E. J. P. 2003. - Molecular and Morphological Phylogenies of Ruminantia and the Alternative Position of the Moschidae. Systematic Biology 52: 206-228. https://doi. org/10.1080/10635150390192726
- HEIZMANN E. P. J. & REIFF W. 2002. - Der Steinheimer Meteorkrater. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, 160 p.
- HEPTNER V. G., NASIMOVICH A. A. & BANNIKOV A. G. 1967. - Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla [English translation]. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Baba Barkha Nath Printers, New Delhi, 1147 p.
- HERNANDEZ FERNANDEZ M. & VRBA E. S. 2005. - A complete estimate of the phylogenetic relationships in Ruminantia: a dated species-level supertree of the extant ruminants. Biological Reviews 80: 269-302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793104006670
- HILGEN F. J., LOURENS L. J., VAN DAM J. A., BEU A. G., BOYES A. F., COOPER R. A., KRIJGSMAN W., OGG J. G., PILLER W. E. & WILSON D. S. 2012. - Chapter 29 - The Neogene Period, in The Geologic Time Scale. Elsevier, Boston: 923-978.
- HOLT B. G., LESSARD J.-P., BORREGAARD M. K., FRITZ S. A., ARAUJO M. B., DIMITROV D., FABRE P.-H., GRAHAM C. H., GRAVES G. R., JONSSON K. A., NOGUES- BRAVO D., WANG Z., WHITTAKER R. J., FJELDSA J. & RAHBEK C. 2013. - An Update of Wallace's Zoogeographic Regions of the World. Science 339: 74-78. https:// doi.org/10.1126/science.1228282
- HOLTKE O. & RASSER M. W. 2017. - Land snails from the Miocene Steinheim impact crater lake sediments (Baden-Wurttemberg, South Germany). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 285: 267-302. https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2017/0681
- HONEGGER R., EDWARDS D. & AXE L. 2013. - The earliest records of internally stratified cyanobacterial and algal lichens from the Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. New Phytologist 197: 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12009
- HORDIJK K. 2010. - Perseverance of Pikas in the Miocene Interplay of Climate and Competition in the Evolution of Spanish Ochotonidae (Lagomorpha, Mammalia). Utrecht University, Utrecht, 232 p.
- IUCN 2018. - The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-3. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 18 February 2018.
- JANIS C. M. 1990. - Correlation of cranial and dental variables with body size in ungulates and macropodoids, in DAMUTH J. & MACFADDEN B. (eds), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology Estimations and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 255-300.
- JANIS C. M. & SCOTT K. M. 1987. - The interrelationships of higher ruminant families with special emphasis on the members of the Cervoidea. American Museum Novitates 2893: 1-85. http:// hdl.handle.net/2246/5180
- KOHLER M. 1993. - Skeleton and Habitat of recent and fossil Ruminants. Munchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 25: 87.
- KOVAR- EDER J. & SCHWEIGERT G. 2018. - Revision of the plant assemblage of Steinheim am Albuch (Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany, reference locality of Neogene Mammal zone MN 7). Bulletin of Geosciences 93 (4): 419-456. https://doi.org/10.3140/ bull.geosci.1695
- KOVAR- EDER J. & TEODIRIS V. 2018. - The Middle Miocene Central European plant record revisited; widespread subhumid sclerophyllous forests indicated. Fossil Imprint 74: 115-134. https://doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0009
- MENNECART B. 2012. - The Ruminantia (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene of Western Europe: systematics, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography. GeoFocus 32: 1-263.
- MENNECART B., DEMIGUEL D., BIBI F., ROSSNER G. E., METAIS G., NEENAN J. M., WANG S., SCHULZ G., MULLER B. & COSTEUR L. 2017. - Bony labyrinth morphology clarifies the origin and evolution of deer. Scientific Reports 7: 13176. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41598-017-12848-9
- MENNECART B., SCHERLER L., HIARD F., BECKER D. & BERGER J.-P. 2012. - Large mammals from Rickenbach (Switzerland, reference locality MP29, Late Oligocene): biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental implications. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 131: 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13358-011-0031-6
- MENNECART B., ZOBOLI D., COSTEUR L. & PILLOLA G. L. 2018. - On the systematic position of the oldest insular ruminant Sardomeryx oschiriensis (Mammalia, Ruminantia) and the early evolution of the Giraffomorpha. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (8): 691-704. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1472145
- MERCERON G. 2009. - The early Vallesian vertebrates of Atzelsdorf (Late Miocene, Austria) 13. Dental wear patterns of herbivorous ungulates as ecological indicators. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 111A: 647-660.
- MERCERON G., COSTEUR L., MARIDET O., RAMDARSHAN A. & GOHLICH U. B. 2012. - Multi-proxy approach detects heterogeneous habitats for primates during the Miocene climatic optimum in Central Europe. Journal of Human Evolution 63: 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.006
- MERCERON G., SCHULZ E., KORDOS L. & KAISER T. M. 2007. - Paleoenvironment of Dryopithecus brancoi at Rudabanya, Hungary: evidence from dental meso- and micro-wear analyses of large vegetarian mammals. Journal of Human Evolution 53: 331-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.008
- MERCERON G., VIRIOT L. & BLONDEL C. 2004. - Tooth microwear pattern in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) from Chize (Western France) and relation to food composition. Small Ruminant Research 53: 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. smallrumres.2003.10.002
- MIHLBACHLER M. C., RIVALS F., SOLOUNIAS N. & SEMPREBON G. M. 2011. - Dietary Change and Evolution of Horses in North America. Science 331: 1178-1181. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196166
- NEUBAUER T. A., HARZHAUSER M., KROH A., GEORGOPOULOU E. & MANDIC O. 2015. - A gastropod-based biogeographic scheme for the European Neogene freshwater systems. Earth-Science Reviews 143: 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.010
- NIMIS P. L. & TRETIACH M. 1995. - The lichens of ltaly - a phytoclimatical outline. Cryptogamic Botany 5: 199-208.
- PAN T., WANG H., HU C., SUN Z., ZHU X., MENG T., MENG X. & ZHANG B. 2015. - Species delimitation in the genus Moschus (Ruminantia: Moschidae) and its high-plateau origin. PLOS ONE 10: e0134183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134183
- PLAZIAT J.-C. & BALTZER F. 2000. - Roles respectifs de la sedimentation et de la diagenese dans la constitution du gisement de vertebres de Sansan, in GINSBURG L. (ed.), La Faune miocene de Sansan et son environment. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 83-108 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183).
- PRIKHOD' KO V. I. 2015. - Cranial features and feeding types of subspecies forms of Moschus moschiferus L. (Moschidae, Cetartiodactyla). Biology Bulletin 42: 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1134/ S1062359015010100
- RAMDARSHAN A., BLONDEL C., BRUNETIERE N., FRANCISCO A., GAUTIER D., SURAULT J. & MERCERON G. 2016. - Seeds, browse, and tooth wear: a sheep perspective. Ecology and Evolution 6: 5559-5569. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2241
- RIVALS F., MIHLBACHLER M. C. & SOLOUNIAS N. 2007. - Effect of ontogenetic-age distribution in fossil and modern samples on the interpretation of ungulate paleodiets using the mesowear method. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 763-767. https:// doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[763:EOODIF]2.0.CO;2
- RIVALS F. & SEMPREBON G. M. 2017. - Latitude matters: an examination of behavioural plasticity in dietary traits amongst extant and Pleistocene Rangifer tarandus. Boreas 46: 254-263. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12205
- SANCHEZ I. M., CANTALAPIEDRA J. L., RIOS M., QUIRALTE V. & MORALES J. 2015. - Systematics and Evolution of the Miocene Three-Horned Palaeomerycid Ruminants (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla). PLOS ONE 10: e0143034. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0143034
- SANCHEZ I. M., DEMIGUEL D., QUIRALTE V. & MORALES J. 2011. - The first known Asian Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 1397-1403. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.618155
- SANCHEZ I. M., DOMINGO M. S. & MORALES J. 2009. - New data on the Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the upper Miocene of Spain (Mn 10-Mn 11). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 567-575. https://doi.org/10.1671/039.029.0223
- SANCHEZ I. M., DOMINGO M. S. & MORALES J. 2010. - The genus Hispanomeryx (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Moschidae) and its bearing on musk deer phylogeny and systematics. Palaeontology 53: 1023-1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475- 4983.2010.00992.x
- SANCHEZ I. M. & MORALES J. 2008. - Micromeryx azanzae sp. nov. (Ruminantia: Moschidae) from the middle-upper Miocene of Spain, and the first description of the cranium of Micromeryx. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 873-885. https://doi. org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[873:MASNRM]2.0.CO;2
- SCOTT K. M. 1990. - Postcranial dimensions of ungulates as predictors of body mass, in DAMUTH J. & MACFADDEN B. (eds), Body Size in Mammalian Paleobiology Estimations and Biological Implications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 301-336.
- SEMPREBON G. M. 2002. - Advances in the reconstruction of extant ungulate ecomorphology with applications to fossil ungulates. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 461 p.
- SEMPREBON G. M., GODFREY L. R., SOLOUNIAS N., SUTHERLAND M. R. & JUNGERS W. L. 2004. - Can low-magnification stereomicroscopy reveal diet? Journal of Human Evolution 47: 115- 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.06.004
- SEMPREBON G. M. & RIVALS F. 2007. - Was grass more prevalent in the pronghorn past? An assessment of the dietary adaptations of Miocene to Recent Antilocapridae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 253: 332-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.06.006
- SEN S. & GINSBURG L. 2000. - La magnetostratigraphie du site de Sansan, in GINSBURG L. (ed.), La Faune miocene de Sansan et son environment. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris: 69-81 (Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle; 183).
- SOLOUNIAS N. & MOELLEKEN S. M. C. 1994. - Differences in diet between two archaic ruminant species from Sansan, France. Historical Biology 7: 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10292389409380454
- SOLOUNIAS N. & SEMPREBON G. M. 2002. - Advances in the reconstruction of ungulate ecomorphology with application to early fossil equids. American Museum Novitates 3366: 1-49. https://doi. org/10.1206/0003-0082(2002)366<0001:AITROU>2.0.CO;2
- SRIDHARA S., MCCONKEY K., PRASAD S. & CORLETT R. T. 2016. - Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Large Herbivores of Asia, in AHRESTANI F. S. & SANKARAN M. (eds), The Ecology of Large Herbivores in South and Southeast Asia. Chapter 5. Springer, Heidelberg: 121-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7570-0_5
- STOFFLER D., ARTEMIEVA N. A. & PIERAZZO E. 2002. - Modeling the Ries-Steinheim impact event and the formation of the moldavite strewn field. Meteoritics & Planetary Science 37 (12): 1893-1907.
- SU B., WANG Y.-X., LAN H., WANG W. & ZHANG Y. 1999. - Phylogenetic Study of Complete Cytochrome b Genes in Musk Deer (Genus Moschus) Using Museum Samples. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 12: 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1006/ mpev.1999.0616
- SU B., WANG Y.-X. & WANG Q.-S. 2001. - Mitochondrial DNA sequences imply anhui musk deer a valid species in genus Moschus. Zoological Research 22: 169-173.
- THUS H. & LICHT W. 2006. - Oceanic and hygrophytic lichens from the Gargano-Peninsula (Puglia/South-Eastern-Italy). Herzogia 19: 149-153.
- TUTKEN T. & VENNEMANN T. 2009. - Stable isotope ecology of Miocene large mammals from Sandelzhausen, southern Germany. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 83: 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12542-009-0011-y
- TUTKEN T., VENNEMANN T. W., JANZ H. & HEIZMANN E. P. J. 2006. - Palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene lake in the Steinheim basin, SW Germany: A reconstruction from C, O, and Sr isotopes of fossil remains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241: 457-491. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.007
- VISLOBOKOVA I. 2007. - New Data on Late Miocene Mammals of Kohfidisch, Austria. Paleontological Journal 41: 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030107040119
- VISLOBOKOVA I. A. 1990. - The basic features of historical development and classification of the Ruminantia. Paleontological Journal 24: 1-11.
- VISLOBOKOVA I. A. & LAVROV A. V. 2009. - The earliest Musk Deer of the genus Moschus and their significance in clarifying of evolution and relationships of the family Moschidae. Paleontological Journal 43 (3): 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1134/ S0031030109030125
- WALLACE A. R. 1876. - The Geographical Distribution of Animals. Vols 1 and 2. Harper & Brothers, New York. https://doi. org/10.5962/bhl.title.42326
- WANG S., SHI Q., HUI Z., LI Y., ZHANG J. & PENG T. 2015. - Diversity of Moschidae (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the Middle Miocene of China. Paleontological Research 19: 143-155. https://doi.org/10.2517/2014PR032
- WEBB S. D. & TAYLOR B. E. 1980. - The phylogeny of hornless ruminants and a description of the cranium of Archaeomeryx. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167: 117- 158. http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1042
- WIRTH V. 1995. - Die Flechten Baden-Wurttembergs. 2 ed., Stuttgartp.
- XIANG Z.-F., LIANG W.-B., NIE S.-G. & LI M. 2012. - Diet and Feeding Behavior of Rhinopithecus brelichi at Yangaoping, Guizhou. American Journal of Primatology 74: 551-560. https://doi. org/10.1002/ajp.22008
- ZAITSEV V. A., SERYODKIN I. V., MAKSIMOVA D. A. & SOUTYRINA S. V. 2015. - Study of the Musk Deer Population Structure in Sikhote-Alin Reserve. Achievements in the Life Sciences 9: 83-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.als.2015.11.001
- ZEDDA L. 2002. - The Epiphytic Lichens on Quercus in Sardinia (Italy) and Their Value as Ecological Indicators. Englera 24: 3-457. https://doi.org/10.2307/3776783
- ZHANG J., ZHOU Y., XU W., HU J. & LIAO W. 2004. - Discussion about musk-deer's classification. Journal of Sichuan Teachers College (Natural Science) 25: 251-255.
- ZHAO H., DANG G., WANG C., WANG X., GUO D., LUO X., ZHAO J., HE Z. & LI B. 2015. - Diet and seasonal changes in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the southern Qinling mountains in China. ACTA Theriologica Sinica 35: 130-137.
- ZHIXIAO L. & HELIN S. 2002. - Effect of Habitat Fragmentation and Isolation on the Population of Alpine Musk Deer. Russian Journal of Ecology 33: 121-124. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014456909480