December 21, 2019 Journal article Open Access

Self-organized spatially separated silver 3D dendrites as efficient plasmonic nanostructures for Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications

Dzmitry V Yakimchuk; Egor Yu Kaniukov; Sergey Lepeshov; Victoria D Bundyukova; Sergey E Demyanov; Grigory M Arzumanyan; Nelya V Doroshkevich; Kahramon Z Mamatkulov; Arne Bochmann; Martin Presselt; Ondrej Stranik; Soslan A Khubezhov; Alex Krasnok; Andrea Alù; Vladimir A Sivakov

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising optical method for analyzing molecular samples of various nature. Most SERS studies are of an applied nature indicating a serious potential for their application in analytical practice. Dendrite-like nanostructures have great potential for SERS, but the lack of a method for their predictable production significantly limits their implementation. In this paper, a method for controllable obtaining spatially separated, self-organized and highly-branched silver dendrites via template synthesis in pores of SiO2/Si is proposed. The dendritic branches have nanoscale roughness creating many plasmon-active “hot spots” required for SERS. The first held 3D modeling of the external electromagnetic wave interaction with such a dendrite, as well as experimental data, confirm this theory. Using the example of a reference biological analyte, which is usually used as a label for other biological molecules, the dendrites SERS-sensitivity up to 10–15 M was demonstrated with Enhancement factor of 108. The comparison of simulation results with SERS experiments allows distinguishing the presence of electromagnetic and chemical contributions, which have a different effect at various analyte concentrations.